转基因苜蓿研究的现状和前景

简要综述了紫花苜蓿转基因研究的现状,介绍了外源基因转化苜蓿和构建转基因苜蓿植株的手段以及转基因苜蓿研究中的常见问题,展望了转基因苜蓿应用的前景,讨论了苜蓿转基因育种中的生物安全问题。     

生物类黄酮的生理功能及其应用研究进展

本文综述了类黄酮对动物脂质代谢与抗氧化作用的调节及其与动物内分泌、机体免疫的关系 ,并介绍了类黄酮在动物生产上的应用     

壳聚糖衍生物及其在畜牧生产中的应用

壳聚糖是天然、生物相容性好的高分子聚合物,其分子中含有大量的氨基和羟基,可进行多种化学修饰,得到相应的衍生物。某些壳聚糖衍生物具有比壳聚糖更好的水溶性和功效。本文综述壳聚糖衍生物的种类及其在畜牧生产中的作用,并对其在畜牧生产中的应用前景作一展望。     

Demonstration of uniformity of calcium absorption in adult dogs and cats

A meta‐analysis was conducted to understand quantitative aspects of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) absorption in adult dogs and cats. 34 studies in dogs and 14 studies in cats met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Intake and faecal excretion values of Ca and P were subjected to a modified Lucas test and subsequent regression analyses. According to the current scientific consensus, Ca true digestibility (absorption) should increase at low Ca intake and decrease at high Ca intake. If true, this should result in a nonlinear relationship between the percentage of Ca excreted and dietary Ca intake. The present meta‐analysis showed a highly significant linear relationship (p < 0.0001) between Ca intake and Ca excretion suggesting a lack of systematic quantitative adaptation in true Ca digestibility. This finding suggests either that the time period covered by standard digestion trials is too short to induce adaptation mechanisms or that dogs and cats at maintenance will not efficiently alter quantitative Ca absorption percentage according to the amount ingested. If the latter is true, a dietary Ca supply differing greatly from the recommended dietary intake might impair the health of cats and dogs when fed long term. The data plots for P intake and faecal excretion were less uniform suggesting other factors not just dietary intake influence faecal P excretion. In adult cats, the dietary Ca:P ratio strongly influenced the true digestibility of P, whereas this effect was less marked in adult dogs. Faecal P excretion was significantly correlated to faecal Ca excretion in both species (p < 0.0001), and surprisingly, the level of P intake did not appear to be an important determinant of true digestibility of P.     

毛皮动物源大肠杆菌毒力和耐药基因检测及药物敏感性分析

为了解秦皇岛昌黎地区毛皮动物大肠杆菌毒力基因和耐药基因的分布及药物敏感性情况,以60只临床患病毛皮动物为试验菌株的分离宿主,采用常规分离纯化、生化鉴定以及分子生物学的方法对病原菌进行鉴定,动物致病性试验检测其致病性,PCR方法检测毒力基因和耐药基因,K-B法对常用西药进行药物敏感性检测,琼脂平板打孔法对中草药药物敏感性进行检测,试管二倍稀释法检测中草药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示:此次分离到的28株大肠杆菌均使小鼠发病死亡;其中,24株大肠杆菌检测到irp2、fyuA毒力基因,检出率为85.7%;5株大肠杆菌临床分离菌株检出Ler、eaeA毒力基因,检出率为17.9%;耐药基因blaTEM、aadA1、blaCTX-M、blaTEM1、blaSHV-1、strA-strB、blaPSE1和blaOXA1的检出率分别为85.7%,89.3%,75.0%,71.4%,25.0%,24.1%,14.3%,14.3%;西药药敏试验结果显示,28株菌对链霉素、头孢拉定、多西环素、复方新诺明、林可霉素、替米考星、青霉素同时耐药;中草药药敏试验结果显示,诃子、乌梅、五味子对这28株大肠杆菌均具有较好的体外抑菌效果,抑菌圈直径为18～31 mm,MIC和MBC为15.63～500.00 g/L。     

Comparison of three commercial rapid agglutination test kits for identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from foods and animals.

Three rapid agglutination assays for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus Monostaph (Bionor A/S, Skien, Norway), Staphyslide-Test (BioMerieux, Lyon, France) and Staph-Rapid-Test (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), were compared. A total of 104 Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci were tested: Nineteen Staphylococcus reference strains comprising 15 spp. (4 strains were coagulase positive), and 7 Micrococcus reference strains comprising 4 spp.; 22 food isolates comprising 13 S. aureus, 8 coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp., and 1 Micrococcus sp.; 56 animal isolates comprising 11 S. aureus, 9 S. hyicus subsp. hyicus, 2 S. intermedius, 15 coagulase positive and 19 coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Totally 54 strains were coagulase positive. Considering agglutination of a coagulase positive strain as a correct identification, Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test, and Staphyslide-Test correctly identified 52 (96.3%), 47 (87.0%) and 48 (89.0%) of the coagulase positive staphylococci, respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test showed 1 (2.0%), 4 (8.0%) and 4 (8.0%) false positive reactions respectively. Monostaph, Staph-Rapid-Test and Staphyslide-Test gave 0 (0.0%), 6 (5.8%) and 7 (6.7%) non-interpretable reactions, respectively. Monostaph may be a good alternative to the tube-coagulase test for rapid and reliable identification of coagulase positive staphylococci from both food and veterinary sources. However, false negative reactions may occur with coagulase positive strains of S. hyicus subsp. hyicus and S. intermedius.     

牛胎儿成纤维细胞分离与体外培养

本研究以 4 5d牛胎儿为材料 ,使用 0 .2 5 %胰酶 + 0 .0 4 %EDTA消化液 ,分离得到牛胎儿成纤维细胞 ,体外培养传代至第 2 8代。本实验描绘出牛胎儿成纤维细胞生长曲线 ,并发现α MEM是一种适合牛胎儿成纤维细胞生长的培养基。分离得到的牛胎儿成纤维细胞传至第 1 8代时核型仍然正常 ,冷冻、解冻后细胞可继续传代     

动物组织中己烯雌酚残留的高效液相色谱/电化学检测方法研究

建立了动物组织中己烯雌酚的高效液相色谱/电化学检测方法.色谱柱为HypersilODSC18柱(5μm,4.6mm×250mm);流动相为乙腈-0.007mol/L磷酸二氢铵(48∶52,V/V,pH3.5);电化学检测的检测模式为前处理(pretreat),工作电压为0.9V,灵敏度为0.5μA.己烯雌酚浓度在0.2～100ng/g范围内具有良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9995.各组织不同添加浓度的平均回收率均为80%,批内变异系数《3.60%,批间变异系数《3.72%,检测限为0.2ng/g.     

Fractures of the humerus

Humeral fractures are the least common long bone fracture in small animals. The low incidence of these fractures combined with the unique anatomy of the humerus makes repair of humeral fractures challenging. This chapter provides a review of humeral fracture management.