大麦多数量性状相关分析

穗长、穗粒重两性对小区产量直接影响较大;每穗实粒数和每穗不实粒两性状数对小区产量直接影响很小,但通过其他性状对小区产量的间接负影响很大;每穗总粒数对小区产量直接负影响很大,株高通过其他性状对小区产量间接正影响很大。     

高雷诺数对无量纲参数的影响

研究了高雷诺数对气体滚流强度和流量系数的影响。试验表明,气门升程和气道压差小时,难以形成充分发展的湍流,随着气门升程的增大,无量纲滚流强度和流量系数呈上升趋势,并且波动较大;充分发展时,可压缩气体的滚流强度和流量系数恒定不变,不可压缩气体的滚流强度比真实值偏大,而流量系数比真实值偏小,误差大小只与压力比有关,并随着压力比的增大而增大。     

喷油嘴流量系数对柴油机性能的影响

研究了喷油嘴流量系数变化对单缸直喷柴油机性能的影响。结果表明,增大流量系数对ZH1105柴油机标定工况和低速大转矩工况的烟度和燃油消耗率有明显影响。通过对燃油喷雾的分析,揭示了流量系数影响柴油机性能的原因。     

基于GIS的黄河下游分布式水资源模拟

分布式水文模型是水文界研究的焦点问题之一。该研究选用黄河下游流域作为典型研究流域，应用ARC／INFO技术和遥感信息、国内最新水资源调查资料和我国自行开发的LL-Ⅱ分布式水文模型对流域的水资源量进行模拟计算。黄河下游流域内主河道由于泥沙的不断淤积属于典型的地上悬河，而且该地区随着经济的不断发展，人类活动对水资源的影响日益显著，尤其是跨流域调水的影响。本研究充分考虑各种人类活动对水资源的影响，对径流过程进行连续模拟，并取得了较好的模拟结果。     

用于直流传动控制系统的串行通讯

介绍了用Visual Basic提供的串行通讯控件，通过编程实现了PC机与应用单片机触发电路的直流传动系统的通信。     

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.     

宽顶堰平板压差式量水闸过流规律

灌区水量的测量问题正日益受到关注。对于平原灌区，研究利用以淹没出流为主的工作闸门进行渠道量水具有现实意义。基于孔板式流量计的测流原理，提出一种平板压差式量水闸门。选择不同闸门开度e与闸门上游水深H组合，通过室内试验研究分析了闸孔淹没出流的相关测流规律，得出实用的流量系数经验公式。结果表明，该型闸门结构简单，取压方便，量水精度较高，集水位流量调控与测量为一体，适合应用于平原灌区。     

Farmers' perception on self created water management rules in a pioneer scheme: The mula irrigation scheme, India

During the past two decades with farmer participation in irrigation management moving to center stage, the traditional view of having a centralized control over the water resources for better management has changed. Nevertheless, success of irrigation management transfer depend on a whole set of institutional arrangements or the rules-in-use and the willingness of the users to comply and enforce and/or change the rules in the light of changing circumstances. There are many institutional analyses of water sector, much of them touch on law, policy and administration, and characteristics of the users. The present paper is based on the study carried out to examine the institutional arrangements in one of the water users association that was first in the Maharashtra state. It focuses on the institutional arrangements governing water use and distribution and attempts to elicit the perceptions of the members regarding the rules-in-use. The findings reveal that the WUA has been successful in devising and enforcing the rules for water distribution, fee collection and conflict resolution for over a decade. However, current socio-economic developments such as political heterogeneity have required explicit conflict resolution mechanisms. These issues have now become issues demanding immediate attention and may be use of existing courts or legal institutions to help the WUA sustain in future.     

属性识别模型在水利水电规划方案综合优选中的应用

针对目前水利水电规划方案综合优选方法中存在的问题，提出了基于变异系数权重的水利水电规划方案综合优选属性识别模型。该模型采用反映评价指标特征值之间差异性的参数——变异系数作为评价指标的权重，减小了权重确定的主观性，且模型求解方法简单易学。实例分析表明，这一模型和方法是合理、可行的。     

初乳真空冷冻干燥传热传质系数测定与分析

应用准稳态传热传质理论，在考虑水蒸气扩散对传热作用情况下，分别建立了奶牛初乳在真空冷冻干燥中多孔干燥层有效导热系数，冻结层导热系数和水蒸气扩散系数的测试模型，利用在冻干机上测取的试验数据，回归得到初乳的传热系数与水蒸气扩散系数，分析了压力与系数间的关系，结果表明，在１０Ｐａ～１２０Ｐａ范围内，干燥层有效导热系数随压力增大而增加，尤其在１０Ｐａ～６０Ｐａ范围内更为明显，而水蒸气扩散系数随压力的改变变