宁夏引黄灌区10个紫花苜蓿品种越冬性综合评价

为评价紫花苜蓿不同品种在宁夏引黄灌区的越冬性能,测定了10个紫花苜蓿品种的株高、分枝数、根颈入土深度和根颈直径、干草产量等农艺性状,并使用灰色关联度法和系统聚类分析进行综合评价和分类。结果表明:紫花苜蓿6个农艺性状与越冬性关联度顺序依次为:干草产量>越冬率>株高>根颈直径>根颈入土深度>分枝数,灰色关联度为WL354HQ>WL903HQ>WL326GZ>WL353HQ>WL363HQ>WL343HQ>WL319HQ>WL366HQ>WL168HQ>WL298HQ;10个紫花苜蓿品种越冬性通过系统聚类分析可分为2大类4小类,以WL354HQ,WL903和WL326GZ品种在宁夏引黄灌区的越冬能力最强。     

兰州大尾羊×小尾寒羊F1代体重和体尺的相关性研究

本研究旨在探讨兰州大尾羊×小尾寒羊F1代羔羊体重和体尺的相关关系,为通过体尺性状估计其体重提供科学的理论依据。试验随机选取80只150日龄兰小杂交F1代羔羊,公、母羔各半,测量其体重（Y）、体长（X₁）、体高（X₂）、胸围（X₃）、管围（X₄）、胸深（X₅）和胸宽（X₆）,运用SPSS 22.0软件分别对公、母羔的体重和体尺数据进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析和相关系数的分解。结果表明,兰小杂交F1代羔羊的体重与体长、体高、胸围、管围、胸深、胸宽均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,公、母羔胸围与体重的相关程度最高,相关系数分别为0.907和0.908,其次为体长,相关系数分别为0.875、0.844。各体尺性状间也呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,其中胸围和体长的相关系数最高。胸围和体长主要通过直接作用影响体重,胸深、管围、体高、胸宽主要通过间接作用影响体重,胸围对体重的直接作用最大,胸深对体重的间接作用最大。公、母羔体重与体尺的最优回归方程分别为：Y=-43.861+0.675X₃+0.394X₁（r=0.945,P<0.01）和Y=-38.378+0.590X₃+0.397X₁（r=0.948,P<0.01）。综上所述,胸围和体长是影响兰小杂交F1代羔羊体重的两个重要因素,在该品种的选育和肥羔的生产过程中,要加强对胸围和体长的选择力度,同时考虑胸深、管围、体高、胸宽的影响。     

Relation between age, body weight, and medial retropharyngeal lymph node size in apparently healthy dogs.

The aims of this study were to determine the size of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in apparently healthy dogs using ultrasonography and to investigate relationships between body weight (1.8-59 kg), age (1.0-15 years), and medial retropharyngeal lymph node sizes (width, height, and length). The sample population consisted of 100 apparently healthy, volunteered, adult dogs. The data were normally distributed, thus mean, SD, and Pearson's correlation were used. Repeatability of ultrasound measures was assessed as the percentage of differences between duplicate measures that were within 2 SDs of the differences: all measures were at least 93% repeatable (differences typically were < or = 0.25 cm and always < 1 cm). No difference between sexes was observed. The medial retropharyngeal lymph node increased in size with increased body weight (r = 0.46 to 0.59) and decreased in size with increased age (r = -0.30 to -0.50). Although statistically significant, the actual variation is not likely clinically important due to the small range of sizes, measurement error, and various combinations of age and body weight. Therefore, regardless of body weight or age, the average width is 1.0 cm, height is 0.5 cm, and length is 2.5 cm and maximum width is 2 cm, height is 1 cm, and length is 5 cm. Based on the maximal difference between duplicate measures (with some exception), any change > or = 0.4 cm with width or height, or > or = 1.0 cm in length, in a follow up measurement probably represents a true biological change rather than measurement error.     

Adjusting for heterogeneity of variance for carcass traits affects single and multiple trait selections in genetic evaluation of Japanese Black cattle

Heterogeneity of variance among subclasses of an effect is a potential source of bias in genetic evaluation. Degrees of the heterogeneity of variance among farm‐market‐year‐sex (FMYS) subclasses for carcass weight, beef marbling standard number, rib‐eye area, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were investigated in Japanese Black cattle. Consequences of adjusting for the heterogeneity on the predicted breeding values (PBVs) or on the genetic indexes derived from the PBVs of the five carcass traits were assessed. A total of 57 461 records were collected between 1997 and 2002 from steers and heifers fattened at farms across Japan. These records were grouped into 1591 FMYS subclasses. Bartlett's test showed that the degree of the heterogeneity of variance among the FMYS subclasses was sizeable in all traits (P < 0.0001). By applying a two‐step adjustment procedure it was possible to reduce the standard deviation, the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient of the phenotypic variances by 67.5% to 75.0% in the different traits. The applied adjustment caused a substantial re‐ranking of elite dams in the PBV for each trait as well as in the genetic index. This study provided evidence that the applied adjustment reduces the bias in the PBVs due to heterogeneous variances and increases the accuracy of bull‐dam selection.     

绿北绿荆杂交鸭部分生长发育性状的典型相关分析

采用SAS统计分析系统对绿北绿荆杂交鸭的5个体尺性状和8个屠体性状进行了典型相关分析。结果表明,体尺与屠体性状的第一典型相关系数达到了显著水平（P〈0．05）,占总相关的87．82％。体尺与屠体性状间的相关主要是由于胸围与腿肌重、胸肌重的相关引起的。在达到显著水平的一对典型变量中,体尺性状的典型变量对屠体重的预测能力较强,屠体性状的典型变量对胸围的预测能力较强。在实际选育过程中,选择体尺性状可达到提高屠体性状的目的。     

大约克体型性状的相关、聚类与主成分分析

体型性状在家畜育种工作中有着重要意义,但对体型各性状的关系及其在育种中的联合应用尚缺乏较为系统的研究。研究对一核心种猪场大约克猪的体重、背膘厚、体高、体长、胸深、胸宽、管围、臀围共8个影响猪体型的性状测定数据进行相关、聚类和主成分分析。结果表明,各性状间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);8个性状可以聚为3类,体长、体高、体重和胸深聚为类Ⅰ,臀围、胸宽和管围聚为类Ⅱ,背膘厚与其它性状相关最低,单独聚为类Ⅲ;主成分分析把8个性状简化为有独特的信息侧重的4个主成分(累计贡献率为85.08%),分别为体重因子、体高因子、背膘因子和胸深因子。     

滩羊二毛期羊毛性状分析及其相关性研究

本试验旨在探究滩羊二毛期羊毛性状及其相关性,采集出生当天(初生期)及30～40日龄(二毛期)的滩羊样本各511个,其中公羊260只,母羊251只,分别测定初生期和二毛期羊毛的侧部毛长和侧部弯曲数;并分析了二毛期两型毛和绒毛的平均纤维直径(MFD)、平均纤维曲率(MFC)、毛纤维直径变异系数(CVFD)和毛纤维直径标准差(FDSD),对羊毛性状进行描述性统计及相关性分析。结果显示:初生期滩羊羊毛侧部弯曲数和初生期侧部毛长呈极显著中等正相关(r=0.410,P<0.001);初生期侧部弯曲数和二毛期侧部弯曲数间存在极显著中等正相关(r=0.618,P<0.001);两型毛FDSD与CVFD间呈极显著强正相关(r=0.796,P<0.001),绒毛FDSD与CVFD间极显著强正相关(r=0.942,P<0.001);两型毛MFD与FDSD呈极显著中等正相关(r=0.511,P<0.001),绒毛MFD与FDSD呈极显著中等正相关(r=0.660,P<0.001);绒毛MFD与CVFD呈极显著中等正相关(r=0.410,P<0.001),两型毛MFD与CVFD呈显著弱负相关(r=―0.106,P<0.05);绒毛MFD和MFC间呈极显著中等负相关(r=―0.497,P<0.001),两型毛MFD和MFC间呈弱正相关,相关性不显著(r=0.011,P>0.05)。本试验首次大规模检测了滩羊二毛期羊毛的性状指标,确定了各指标间的相关关系,为滩羊裘皮性状的选育提供数据支撑。     

Multivariate relationships between epidemiologic risk factors and zoonotic infections among military personnel in the country of Georgia: A non‐linear canonical correlation analysis

Zoonotic diseases are endemic in the country of Georgia. Using the non‐linear canonical correlation (NCC) method, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between thirteen epidemiological risk factors and seropositivity to five zoonotic infections (anthrax, Q fever, tularemia, leptospirosis, and Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF]) among Georgian military recruits during 2014–2016. According to this multivariate statistical technique, which is suitable for the analysis of two or more sets of qualitative variables simultaneously, two canonical variables were identified. These variables accounted for 68% of the variation between the two sets of categorical variables (“risk factors” and “zoonotic infections”). For the first canonical variable, there was a relationship among CCHF (canonical loading, which is interpreted in the same way as the Pearson's correlation coefficient, [cl] = 0.715), tick bites (cl = 0.418) and slaughter of animals (cl = 0.351). As for the second canonical variable, Q fever (cl = ?0.604) and leptospirosis (cl = ?0.486) were related to rodents inside and outside home (cl = ?0.346) and sweeping in or around home (cl = ?0.317). The NCC method allows researchers to obtain additional insights into the complex relationship between epidemiological risk factors and multiple zoonotic infections.     

高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物群落多样性和稳定性的影响

物种多样性和功能冗余是评价植物群落稳定性的重要内容。采用野外调查方法研究了高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性、功能多样性、功能冗余和植物群落稳定性的影响。结果表明:高原鼠兔干扰增加了物种丰富度指数、功能多样性和功能冗余,降低了物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和植物群落稳定性。随高原鼠兔干扰强度增加,植物群落多样性指数、丰富度指数、功能冗余和植物群落稳定性呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,说明高原鼠兔干扰对植物群落物种多样性和稳定性的影响不仅要考虑干扰与否,而且要考虑干扰强度。     

南方不同季节育雏鸡舍主要环境因子的变化研究

试验以有窗封闭式笼养育雏鸡舍为对象,于2018年3月~2019年1月开展研究鸡舍内环境的温度、相对湿度、二氧化碳(CO2)、氨气(NH3)、硫化氢(H2S)、二氧化硫(SO2)浓度和细菌总数,并分析环境因子之间的关系。结果显示:不同季节育雏舍内环境温度满足鸡群正常需要,鸡群成活率超过97%。夏季舍内相对湿度达82.48%,并且料肉比高于春季、秋季和冬季。春季、秋季和冬季CO2浓度易超标,不同季节舍内白天温度均高于夜晚,而白天CO2浓度低于夜晚。不同季节舍内环境温度分别与相对湿度、CO2浓度呈负相关和正相关关系。试验表明:有窗封闭式育雏鸡舍内不同季节雏鸡生长发育良好,但夏季湿度过高,春季、秋季和冬季舍内CO2浓度高于标准。建议夏季应合理控制舍内相对湿度,春秋冬季注意平衡舍内的保暖和通风工作。