改进遗传算法在环状管网水力平衡计算中的应用

标准遗传算法不擅于局部微调,在标准遗传算法的基础上,利用传统的优化方法中坐标轮换寻优方法对个体进行局部微调,寻优能力明显提高。把该算法用于环状管网水力平衡计算,计算结果精度较高。     

Inheritance of plant elongation ability at seedling stage in rice

Summary In a comparison of methods to study inheritance of plant elongation ability, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, and 35-day-old F₂ populations of a cross between Baisbish (floating variety) and IR42 (nonelongating semidwarf modern variety) of rice, (Oryza sativa L.) were subjected to 65 cm water depth for 7 days. Frequency distribution of plant height before and after submergence was obtained. Bimodal curves in 15-, 20- and 25-day-old populations gave good fits to 9:7 elongating: nonelongating plants, suggesting that elongation was due to two dominant complementary genes. Segregation in the 30-day-old population was not clear-cut. A seedling age of 20 days was subsequently chosen for further studies.Two F₂'s involving floating rice and a nonelongating semidwarf; four F₂'s involving floating rice and an elongating semidwarf; and two F₂'s involving elongating and nonelongating semidwarf parents were studied with 20-day-old seedlings in the same way. Floating rice combinations with nonelongating semidwarf parents as well as with elongating semidwarf parents segregated into 9:7 elongating: nonelongating ratio. It is possible that because elongating and nonelongating dwarf parents did not differ much in elongation ability at seedling age, their combination with floating rice parents provided similar segregation. The F₂ distributions for height in elongating and nonelongating dwarf cross combinations were continuous with one peak.Genetic constitution of parents proposed are Sd1 Sd1 El El for floating parents, sd1 sd1 El El for semidwarf elongating, and sd1 sd1 el el for dwarf nonelongating.     

New techniques for breeding maize (Zea mays) varieties with fall armyworm resistance and market-preferred traits for sub-Saharan Africa

Deploying maize varieties with fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]; FAW) resistance, desirable product profiles (PPs) and climate resilience is fundamental for food and economic security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study reviewed and identified challenges and opportunities for effective and accelerated breeding of demand-led maize hybrids with FAW resistance and adaptation to the diverse agro-ecologies of SSA. Lessons were drawn on improving breeding efficiency through adequate genetic variation delivered via prebreeding programmes, speed breeding and a reduced breeding stage plan. Appropriate PPs aligned with demand-led breeding approaches were highlighted as foundations for variety design and commercialization. Challenges to accelerated FAW resistance breeding in maize included inadequate funds and modern tools; poor adaptation of some exotic donor parental lines; lack of information on FAW resistance among local varieties; lack of integration of molecular markers associated with FAW resistance and agronomic traits into selection plans; and limited infrastructure for FAW rearing and germplasm screening. Integration of modern breeding tools and scientific innovations were recommended for accelerated development and release of FAW resistant and market-preferred maize varieties.     

3D打印技术在水利水电工程施工中应用研究

对3D打印技术进行应用研究,阐述其精度、强度和速度等关键性能指标合理性,能够有效避免特殊形式结构部位的施工带来的成本、工期及质量问题,增加工程效益,并对溢流堰面特殊部位计算表面曲线轮廓,进行实验3D打印,最后总结3D打印在水利水电工程施工中的优势。     

图热点和树结点双向驱动汽车备件系统可视化研究

针对国内汽车企业不具备整车齐全的三维CAD模型的实际情况，提出一种基于动态装配图热点和产品结构树结点双向驱动的备件数据可视化管理方案，在Delphi开发平台上将Action Script技术和ActiveX技术集成到可视化备件管理系统中。详细阐述了图热点驱动和树结点驱动的程序实现流程．给出了动态装配图、装配结构树和界面数据窗三者之间的联动关系，实现两种驱动的等效性。为了便于用递归算法遍历结构树，对复杂网状结构的零部件从属依赖关系进行规范化处理．使之成为树形结构。采用约束递归迭代，对一次性加载零部件的层数和范围进行约束，用统一的虚拟临时结点代替当前非叶子结点的子结点，实现整车装配关系结构树构造过程的优化。     

生态家园中沼气发酵产物的综合利用

根据我国农业结构调整、农场城镇化建设、农业增效、职工增收和生态环境建设这一战略重点,沿着生态家园富民计划这条主线,提高沼气在农村能源结构中的比重,把实施沼气综合利用技术作为解决"三农"问题的重要措施.为此,对沼气、沼液、沼渣的综合利用进行了分析.     

国内高校校园文化创意产品设计研究综述

近年来,在高校群体日益增长的文化和情感需求下,文化创意产品在高校的市场不断扩大,高校校园文化创意产品作为传播大学文化,宣传大学精神的重要载体,已成为高校文化建设的重要组成部分。而现有研究发现现阶段国内高校文化创意产品,虽然迎来了发展的黄金时期,但在其产品的设计中,过于指向临时性和功能性,导致了产品定位不明确,同质化严重以及缺乏文化内涵等诸多问题。本文对高校校园文化创意产品的研究做了相关梳理,以期为后续高校文创产业的研究提供对照参考。     

在全国农业工作会议农机专业会上的总结讲话(摘要)

这次召开的农机专业会,是一次团结的会议、鼓劲的会议、成功的会议。首先,这是一次团结的会议。参加会议的代表有来自各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市以及新疆生产建设兵团、黑龙江省农垦总局农机管理局的主要负责同志,还有部农机试验鉴定总站、农机推广总站     

猪场生产管理系统的设计与实现

养猪业是我国农村经济支柱产业,随着猪场管理的集约化程度不断得到提高,对生产过程的优化和管理提出了更高的要求.将信息技术应用到猪场生产管理中对提高猪场的生产管理水平、降低生产成本,提高经济效益具有重要意义.为此,在对猪场业务进行深入分析的基础上,提出了猪场生产管理系统设计框架,把该系统划分为生猪管理、猪舍管理、用户管理、成本管理4大部分,并采用自顶向下的模块化的设计和面向对象的程序设计方法开发了一套完整的信息系统.     

现代新型农业种植模式与推广

随着社会经济的快速发展,我国农业进入转型升级的关键时期,面临着更多的机遇和挑战,唯有加快推动农业发展方式的转变,提升农业质量、效益和竞争力,才能夯实农业发展的根基,确保农民收入的稳定增加。通过对我国传统农业向现代化新型农业转型过程中存在问题的深入分析,探索适合我国国情的现代新型农业模式和农业科技服务体系的构建,并在此基础上预测现代新型农业的发展趋势和推广策略,坚持走优质、高效和绿色的农业生态道路,推动农业的可持续发展。