研究生教育人力资本投资的制度导向

作为知识经济时代重要投资项目,研究生教育人力资本投资得到全社会越来越多的关注和重视。本文基于目前我国研究生教育工作中存在的问题,结合国内外研究生教育的发展趋势,提出改善研究生教育人力资本投资条件、提高研究生教育绩效的相关制度建议,为推动我国研究生教育事业的发展提供了参考和借鉴。     

耶鲁学院的办学理念与本科教育特色

耶鲁大学是美国乃至世界上屈指可数的优秀学府,而耶鲁的本科学院———耶鲁学院更是这所大学之所以显赫的重要原因。本文阐释了耶鲁学院的办学理念,介绍了耶鲁学院的教学特色,展示了一所依靠本科教育发展和发达的一流大学的一个侧面。     

改进遗传算法在环状管网水力平衡计算中的应用

标准遗传算法不擅于局部微调,在标准遗传算法的基础上,利用传统的优化方法中坐标轮换寻优方法对个体进行局部微调,寻优能力明显提高。把该算法用于环状管网水力平衡计算,计算结果精度较高。     

传统农家酱产蛋白酶菌株的分离及其在豆浆的应用

豆浆富含植物蛋白,但由于植物蛋白相较动物蛋白不易被人体吸收。利用产蛋白酶菌株发酵豆浆,可将植物蛋白降解成多肽和氨基酸,提高其消化吸收率。传统农家酱是以大豆为主要原料的传统发酵食品,含有大量能够水解大豆蛋白的优良菌株。该研究从传统农家酱中分离到8株产蛋白酶的芽孢杆菌并用于豆浆处理,处理后豆浆的可溶性肽含量显著提高,其中菌株BJ-20处理效果最显著;氨基态氮含量和水解度也有显著变化,其中BJ-6处理后的豆浆最佳,氨基态氮含量提高了10.87%,水解度为23.49%。同时,处理后豆浆的组织状态得到了明显改善。本研究丰富了豆类发酵菌种库,提高了大豆蛋白利用率,丰富了大豆产品种类,为大豆保健产品开发提供参考及理论支持。     

棉纤维发育相关转录因子的研究进展

 转录因子在棉纤维细胞分化发育过程中起重要的调节作用。近年来已经有多个与棉纤维发育相关的转录因子被研究报道,主要包括MYB、HD-ZIP、MADS、TCP等家族成员,其中研究最为广泛的为MYB类转录因子。GL1类的MYB转录因子和MIXTA类的MYB转录因子通过不同的调控方式参与对棉纤维细胞发育的调控。对这些转录因子的深入研究,对于揭示棉纤维细胞分化发育的分子机理具有重要的意义。本文就这方面的研究进展作一简要概述。     

《森工规划设计》课程中网络教学与课堂教学的整合研究

首先分析网络教学与传统课堂教学的优势与不足,在当前的教学过程中,应该以传统的课堂教学为基础,辅助以网络教学,各取所长,优势互补,达到实现两种教学方式“整合”的目的,提高教学水平与教学效率;介绍《森工规划设计》课程的网络教学资源建设现状并提出教师应为资源建设主导者,学生也应积极参与资源建设;从实践角度阐释网络教学辅助课堂教学的教学模式.网络教学与课堂教学进行整合,可以在传统课堂教学过程中充分发挥教师的主导地位,并在网络教学中发挥学生的主体地位,同时也为教学提供丰富的网络资源,并拓展教学的时空,提高教学效率.     

蒙古族草原游牧文化(Ⅰ)——蒙古族的形成、语言文字、教育及宗教信仰

通过查阅蒙古族文献资料,多数学者认为蒙古族源自:东胡→鲜卑(乌桓)→室韦(鞑靼)→蒙古。1206年春,蒙古部首领铁木真经过多次征战终于完成了蒙古地区诸部的统一大业,建立了"伊克.蒙高勒.兀鲁思",即大蒙古国。蒙古语属阿尔泰语系蒙古语族。蒙古文有胡都木文和托忒文。胡都木蒙古文应用广泛。古代的蒙古族信仰萨满教。13世纪初叶,藏传佛教开始传入蒙古地区,蒙古上层改信红派喇嘛教,从16世纪后始接受格鲁派喇嘛教,而入主中亚、西亚的蒙古族大部改信伊斯兰教,东欧的蒙古族改信东正教。但从事牧业的民间还保留有萨满教。历史上蒙古族的教育以家庭教育为主,藏传佛教寺院教育为副。寺院教育培养出了不少精通藏文和医术的知识分子。中华人民共和国成立后民族教育应运而生。从蒙古包小学建立和蒙汉"双语"教学体系日渐完善、高标准寄宿制学校的建成,1997年"普九"通过验收,经历了四个发展阶段。蒙古族从小就通过格言、谚语来进行家庭道德、社会公德、人际道德教育。     

Equity Mechanisms in Traditional Forest Management Systems: A Case Study of Loita Forest in Kenya

Equity in forest resources access remains a key challenge. In Kenya this was exacerbated by the application of command and control management approaches. The introduction of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in 1997 has started changing this scenario. The main objective of this study was to determine the equity mechanisms practiced under Traditional Community Based Forest Management (TCBFM), a traditional form of participatory forest management in Loita forest. An assessment of the impact of this management approach showed that equity and pro poor practices were inherent in Loita forest, where TCBFM was being implemented. The approach facilitated the poor to build up assets through relatives contributing to their livelihood assets. This was sustained through traditional support systems that are interwoven with forestry management. A majority of the community members interviewed perceived that the importance of the forest to household livelihood had been increasing since 1995. An increase in household assets since 1995 was associated with household participation in Traditional Community Based Natural Resources Management (TCBNRM). A majority (93%) of the households who were members of TCBNRM indicated grazing as the benefit. There was a general perception that participation in this form of PFM contributed to improvement of economic, physical, natural, human, social, and political capitals at the household and community levels.     

Environmental Education in the Condor Bioreserve

Abstract

Effective conservation rests on an educated population. This chapter describes the status of environmental education programs in the Condor Bioreserve (CBR), Ecuador and makes recommendations for expansion of educational efforts. The major programs that are currently in place include the community park guard system, the Andean Bear Project, and workshops and networks established by the US Department of Interior and The Nature Conservancy. Most environmental education in the CBR is focused on community participation in natural resource management, and there is a relatively small amount of attention devoted to programs for teachers and children. Major recommendations include defining common goals, increasing environmental education efforts in schools, offering teacher training, developing monitoring and assessment protocols, and expanding educational efforts outside of the CBR. The paper links recommendations for improvements in environmental education in the CBR to lessons learned through research and education programs elsewhere in the world.     

中国奶牛养殖模式及效益分析

中国奶牛养殖正由数量增长向质量增长方式转变,目前我国奶牛养殖仍以奶牛饲养小区为主体（集中饲养地、集中挤奶、统一防疫、分户管理、分户结算）,奶牛养殖小区农户养殖的奶牛总数占全国总存栏的70％以上,这对我国奶牛养殖业发展产生巨大影响,暴露出很多问题,必须向现代养殖模式转型,转型的主要方向是适度规模的家庭式奶牛场或股份合作制奶牛场,与其他大中型奶牛场一起成为我国现代奶牛场养殖组织模式,用5年时间使我国成乳牛胎泌乳量达到7 000 kg/头,实现奶牛养殖业发展以质量型发展为主,通过奶牛养殖模式转型促进我国奶牛养殖业可持续健康发展.