Comparative Studies on the Characteristic Fatty Acid Profiles of Four Different Chinese Medicinal Sargassum Seaweeds by GC-MS and Chemometrics

Sargassum seaweeds produce abundant biomass in China and have long been used as herbal medicine and food. Their characteristic fatty acid (FA) profiles and related potential function in promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) have not been systematically investigated. In this study, FA profiles of four medicinal Sargassum were characterized using GC-MS. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate the four medicinal Sargassum, and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was carried out between the two official species HAI ZAO and between the two folk medicine species HAI QIAN. In all of the algae investigated, the major SFA and MUFA were palmitic and stearic acid, respectively, while the major PUFAs were linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid. S. fusiforme and S. horneri had higher concentrations of PUFAs. With respect to CVH, all of the studied species, particularly S. fusiforme, exhibited satisfactory levels such as PUFA/SFA ratio and n-6/n-3 ratio. Each species possesses a unique FA profile and is discriminated clearly. Potential key FA markers (between the two Chinese official species, and between the two folk species) are assessed. The study provides characteristic fatty acid profiles of four Chinese medicinal Sargassum and their related potential function in promoting CVH.     

Non-traditional vectors for paralytic shellfish poisoning

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), due to saxitoxin and related compounds, typically results from the consumption of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish that concentrate toxins from marine dinoflagellates. In addition to these microalgal sources, saxitoxin and related compounds, referred to in this review as STXs, are also produced in freshwater cyanobacteria and have been associated with calcareous red macroalgae. STXs are transferred and bioaccumulate throughout aquatic food webs, and can be vectored to terrestrial biota, including humans. Fisheries closures and human intoxications due to STXs have been documented in several non-traditional (i.e. non-filter-feeding) vectors. These include, but are not limited to, marine gastropods, both carnivorous and grazing, crustacea, and fish that acquire STXs through toxin transfer. Often due to spatial, temporal, or a species disconnection from the primary source of STXs (bloom forming dinoflagellates), monitoring and management of such non-traditional PSP vectors has been challenging. A brief literature review is provided for filter feeding (traditional) and non-filter feeding (non-traditional) vectors of STXs with specific reference to human effects. We include several case studies pertaining to management actions to prevent PSP, as well as food poisoning incidents from STX(s) accumulation in non-traditional PSP vectors.     

林源中药饮片二氧化硫残留量检测

为了掌握市场上林源中药饮片中二氧化硫的残留情况,从而为林业资源的利用、林药资源加工技术规范的制定与执行以及林产品的安全监测提供参考依据,采用在国家标准的基础上自行改进的检测方法,对从市场上收集到的31种林源中药饮片中二氧化硫的残留量进行了检测。结果表明:未检出二氧化硫的有3种;二氧化硫含量30 mg/kg的有20种;其含量为30~150 mg/kg的有3种;其含量为151~400 mg/kg的有3种;其含量400 mg/kg的有2种。根据《中华人民共和国药典》中对中药饮片残留量的限制规定和文中的检测结果,黄柏、牡丹皮、合欢皮、陈皮、八角茴香等中药饮片的二氧化硫残留量超标,建议在林产品利用和监管时要特别加以注意。     

3种标准树高曲线建立方法的比较

【目的】比较3种标准树高曲线建立方法的优劣,为选择适宜的标准树高曲线建立方法提供依据。【方法】以福建省将乐县国有林场29块杉木人工林实测数据为依据,采用传统非线性模型、BP神经网络模型、非线性混合模型分别建立杉木标准树高曲线模型,以决定系数R2、均方根误差RMSE以及平均绝对残差|珚E|作为模型评价和检验指标,对比分析三者的拟合效果。【结果】从拟合精度来看,非线性混合模型、BP神经网络模型、传统模型的决定系数分别为0.916 1,0.904 8和0.889 7,RMSE分别为1.652 9,1.761 2和1.895 4,|珚E|分别为1.205 9,1.291 7和1.400 1;从预测精度来看,三者的决定系数分别为0.941 5,0.935 2和0.918 3,RMSE分别为1.361 8,1.432 2和1.609 0,|珚E|分别为0.989 8,1.030 5和1.142 8。【结论】3种方法均能较好地模拟杉木树高的生长,BP神经网络模型与非线性混合模型的拟合精度和预测能力均较传统的非线性模型好,但非线性混合模型略优于BP神经网络模型。     

论传统家庭美德的现代价值

对传统家庭美德的现代诠释和价值提升 ,是我国社会转型时期家庭美德建设的重要途径。传统家庭美德与现代文明、与社会主义现代化建设及其时代精神有相辅相成的统一方面 ,是我国现时代社会主义家庭美德建设的历史依托和丰富养料     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

中草药提取残渣综合利用研究进展

论述了中草药提取残渣的循环再利用的应用领域,并介绍了在各个领域中中草药提取残渣的应用情况与研究现状,综合分析了中草药提取残渣再利用为实现中药材资源的循环再利用,减少环境污染的可持续性,从而为更加深入地研究中草药提取残渣用途,提高其利用价值,使中药行业走向绿色可持续发展道路提供更准确的研究思路。     

中药“蛋必增”对产蛋鸡血清及蛋黄胆固醇的影响

应用中草药添加剂“蛋必增”分别按1 %、2 % 和0 % 的添加量饲喂产蛋鸡,表明“蛋必增”能激活肝脏7ɑ-羟化酶活力,降低产蛋鸡血清中胆固醇和鸡蛋胆固醇含量。“蛋必增”对产蛋鸡胆固醇代谢有一定影响作用。     

中国农村信息服务模式探究

农村信息服务成为推动农村信息化发展的重要因素,在对国内外农村信息服务模式分析的基础上,对中国现有农村信息服务模式进行了阐述,包含传统农村信息服务模式及基于"互联网+"的农村信息服务模式。传统农村信息服务模式包含农村信息服务站模式、农村科技特派员模式、农村图书馆服务模式、专业合作社服务模式、农民之家服务模式等5种;基于"互联网+"的农村信息服务模式包含综合农业平台服务模式、云农场信息服务模式、线上线下服务模式、公共宣传服务模式等4种,并提出了中国农村信息服务模式发展的对策与建议。     

中国制造业劳动力成本上升的正负效应分析

作为物质“形象”的第一层面被人们所感知的“物象”是不依赖于人之意识的客观存在。基于对传统村落人文物象的实证研究,认为其能够体现系统的传统造物文化思想,将其概括为“规则、参照、功能与技术、核心”四个层面,并从中揭示了“天、地、人、物”之间的关系,进一步阐释了造物文化思想对传统村落人文物象具有的现代启示。