Phototropic Leaflet Reorientation in Alfalfa Germplasm Selected for Leaf Color and Size

Solar tracking has been described in several agronomic and wild species, yet variation within a given species has not been reported. To address that issue, photoperiod leaflet reorientation in response to vectorial light was measured in three alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) germplasm pools selected from the cultivar Ladak 65. Dark-leaf germplasm responded to all photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (100 to 700 μmol/m²/s) with no detectable lag period. Following a 24-h dark treatment only high PPFD (600 to 700μmol/m²/s) elicited reorientation. Pale-leaf germplasm responded to intermediate (300 to 400 μmol/m²/s) and high PPFD in a similar manner; however, the low (100-125μmol/m²/s) PPFD treatment had little effect on reorientation. The 24-h dark treatment decreased reorientation at all PPFD. Small-leaf germplasm responded equally to all PPFD and was not affected by the 24-h dark treatment. The results suggest that available energy levels may influence the reorientation response. Carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of photophosphorylation, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, an inhibitor of non-cyclic photosynthetic electron transport, reduced reorientation only in the pale-leaf type. These results suggest that stored energy reserves were adequate to maintain leaflet reorientation in the absence of photosynthesis in all but the pale-leaf germplasm. In that germplasm photosynthetically generated energy may be required to support reorientation.     

基于自纠正NMS-ByteTrack的套袋葡萄估产方法

针对套袋后的葡萄体积增加和葡萄叶片表面积大容易出现重叠遮挡,及人工拍摄视频的速度不稳定可能导致套袋葡萄目标丢失的问题,该研究提出一种基于自纠正NMS(non-maximum suppression)-ByteTrack的套袋葡萄估产方法。该方法首先通过目标检测方法YOLOv5s检测视频中的套袋葡萄,将检测阶段的NMS操作后置到追踪阶段,保留因遮挡而被过滤的果实检测框;其次在ByteTrack的基础上加入相机运动补偿和改进的卡尔曼滤波算法,以自动纠正果实预测框的位置并进行追踪;最后提出一种划线计数策略对套袋葡萄自动计数。试验结果表明,该方法的多目标追踪准确率、多目标追踪精度和ID调和平均数分别为64.6%、82.4%和80.8%,相比ByteTrack分别提高了1.7个百分点、1.0个百分点和4.1个百分点,平均计数精度达到82.8%。因此,基于自纠正NMS-ByteTrack的估产方法能有效解决套袋葡萄的追踪计数问题,实现对套袋葡萄更精确地估产。     

基于K-OPLS的无线传感网络室内定位跟踪算法

针对基于指纹的无线传感网络室内定位,提出了一种基于核隐变量正交投影(Kernel-based orthogonal projection to latent structures,K-OPLS)的定位算法。在O-PLS的模型框架下,K-OPLS算法应用"核技巧"将描述变量映射至高维特征空间,给出了描述变量和响应变量之间的非线性关系,以实现对模型的预测成分及与响应-正交成分的计算。K-OPLS算法集核偏最小二乘建模和正交信号校正预处理方法于一体,在一定程度上有效地改进了模型性能,增强了模型解释性。基于RSSI指纹信息,构建锚节点与处于参考位置的非锚节点之间的非线性映射关系,K-OPLS算法可以实现WSN的室内定位跟踪。将所提出的算法应用于仿真与物理环境下的不同实例中,在同等条件下,还与核岭回归(KRR)、核极限学习机(KELM)、核信噪比(KSNR)、核偏最小二乘(KPLS)、核自适应滤波等其他核学习算法进行比较。仿真实验中,基于小波核的WK-OPLS算法在无噪声和有噪声环境下的跟踪估计误差分别为0. 232 6、1. 320 5 m。物理实验中,基于小波核的该算法跟踪估计误差为0. 249 3 m。实验结果表明,所提算法有效提高了定位精度,而且具有一定的除噪能力。     

变速条件下农业机械路径跟踪稳定控制方法

为提高农业机械(农机)路径跟踪控制在不同速度条件下的稳定性和鲁棒性,提出了基于链式系统模型和小范围稳定性分析优化的直线路径跟踪控制方法。首先,根据几何约束建立农机非线性运动学模型,并基于链式系统模型将其转换为线性链式系统,进而对系统的误差项进行线性组合,得到农机路径跟踪控制方法;然后,基于控制方法在平衡位置小范围的稳定性分析,对控制方法进行优化,使得农机路径跟踪控制在平衡位置小范围的稳定性与行驶速度无关;最后,以水稻穴直播机为实验平台开展了直线跟踪对比实验和农机作业实验。结果表明,相比于PID控制方法,本文控制方法在3种不同速度下均能保持直线跟踪控制的稳定性,并且具有较高的控制精度。同时,本文路径跟踪控制方法的稳定性与行驶速度无关,农机作业的行驶速度在0. 4～2. 0 m/s范围内均能实现稳定控制,平均绝对误差均值为0. 047 m,最大绝对误差为0. 128 m。     

采摘机器人移动果实目标跟踪研究——基于云存储和无线传感器网络

提高采摘机器人对运动目标的定位能力是提高机器人采摘精度的重要途径,但对于运动果实目标的跟踪和识别需要实时处理大量的图像数据。为有效处理并利用无线传感器实时采集待采摘果实图像,提出了一种基于Hadoop云平台的图像并行处理方案。为了验证方案的可行性,设计了具有运动图像采集和无线传感网络传输功能的采摘机器人,并搭建了基于云存储并行计算的图像抓取平台,利用无线传感器采集的果实图像资源作为原始数据集,对运动待采摘目标进行了图像识别。实验结果表明:采用该方案可以成功地获取运动果实的位置信息,且采摘机器人成功采摘率较高,对于高精度采摘机器人的设计研究具有重要的意义。     

基于增强Tiny YOLOV3算法的车辆实时检测与跟踪

针对深度学习方法在视觉车辆检测过程中对小目标车辆漏检率高和难以实现嵌入式实时检测的问题,该文基于Tiny YOLOV3算法提出了增强Tiny YOLOV3模型,并通过匈牙利匹配和卡尔曼滤波算法实现目标车辆的跟踪。在车载Jetson TX2嵌入式平台上,分别在白天和夜间驾驶环境下进行了对比试验。试验结果表明:与Tiny YOLOV3模型相比,增强Tiny YOLOV3模型的车辆检测平均准确率提高4.6%,平均误检率减少0.5%,平均漏检率降低7.4%,算法平均耗时增加43.8 ms/帧;加入跟踪算法后,本文算法模型的车辆检测平均准确率提高10.6%,平均误检率减少1.2%,平均漏检率降低23.6%,平均运算速度提高5倍左右,可达30帧/s。结果表明,所提出的算法能够实时准确检测出目标车辆,为卷积神经网络模型的嵌入式工程应用提供了参考。     

At sea movement of Macquarie Island giant petrels: Relationships with marine protected areas and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations

Satellite tracking devices were used to examine the at sea movements of southern and northern giant petrels from Macquarie Island during the Austral summers of 2005-06 and 2006-07. Time spent at sea for nine northern giant petrels (four breeding adults, five recently fledged juveniles) and 10 southern giant petrels (three breeding adults, one non-breeding adult, and six recently fledged juveniles) was examined in relation to marine protected areas and fishing activity in the area immediately adjacent to Macquarie Island in 2005-06, and in terms of the jurisdictions of Regional Fisheries Management Authorities (RFMOs) at a broader scale during both seasons. Breeding adult southern and northern giant petrels spent a large proportion of their time at sea in the Macquarie Island Marine Park (25% and 65%, respectively), primarily during chick rearing. Further from Macquarie Island, the most important foraging areas for adult giant petrels were the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) statistical sub-areas 58.4.1 and 88.1, where foraging activity was concentrated around the ice edge and the Polar Frontal Zone. Fledglings of both species spent time in the Marine Park immediately after fledging, before moving into international waters. We found significant temporal and spatial overlap in the areas used by recently fledged juvenile northern giant petrels and the areas utilised by the single trawler that operated in these waters during 2005-06. Adult giant petrels spent little time in RFMO waters other than those under the jurisdiction of CCAMLR, but fledgling southern and northern giant petrels spent considerable time (56% and 78% of total time at sea) on the high seas of the Pacific Ocean, in areas under the jurisdictions of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO). Band returns indicate that the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) areas are likely to be extensively utilised by Macquarie Island giant petrels in the first three years after fledging. Overall, Macquarie Island’s giant petrel populations are well protected by marine reserves during the breeding season. However, after fledging birds move into RFMO areas that currently have low standards of observer coverage and by catch mitigation, and where fisheries related mortality is likely to pose a significant risk.     

基于自主导航和全方位转向的农用机器人设计

为了提高农业作业的自动化程度,在对传感器技术、信息技术、自动导航技术等进行研究的基础上,设计了一种自动导航农用轮式移动机器人.针对目前农业机器人存在的操纵、路径跟踪等技术问题,机器人采用四轮全方位转向,操纵灵活;利用CAN总线使导航、控制等模块的通讯效率得以改善;选用模糊控制模仿人在路径跟踪控制时的控制策略,提高了移动机器人的智能化程度.仿真和试验表明机器人有较好的转向性能且在速度为1 m/s时跟踪路径的偏差为0.1 m左右.     

教学资源类网站用户行为跟踪的实现

本文通过教育教学类网站的跟踪,主要对用户所访问的网页、及其对所含对象的时间与频次数据的分析,将收集到的数据以图表的形式呈现给网络课程开发人员,使其对教学网站进行优化,方便教育资源使用者学习。