人工控制自然交尾条件下中国对虾父本的微卫星识别

人工控制自然交尾条件下,在保持中国对虾雌、雄5∶1的交配比率下,获得了两尾交尾并产生子代的雌虾,同时有4个疑似父本需要识别.利用3个微卫星引物及其组成的三重PCR技术对4个疑似父本进行了鉴别,准确的找到了相应的与雌虾交尾的雄虾.这为建立半同胞家系提供了一种新的技术和思路.     

Pb2+和Cd2 对刺参幼参的急性毒性及其富集

采用静水试验法,研究了Pb2+(0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg/L共6个浓度梯度)与Cd2+(0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg/L共6个浓度梯度)对刺参幼参的急性毒性,并分析了其在幼参体内的富集状况。研究表明,幼参死亡率随暴露时间和Pb2+、Cd2+浓度增加总体呈升高趋势,而附壁率则反之。暴露于两组低浓度Pb2+的幼参死亡率差异不显著(P0.05),其他组死亡率均随暴露时间和Pb2+浓度增加而显著升高;最高浓度组在72 h时死亡率已达100%,在24 h时其附壁率低至6.7%,与其他浓度组差异均显著(P0.01)。暴露于Cd2+的幼参在72 h后的死亡率比48 h内明显升高,96h时0.8 mg/L浓度组的幼参死亡率即达100%;暴露于Cd2+的幼参附壁率均较低。Pb2+和Cd2+对幼参的安全浓度分别为0.061、0.018 mg/L。随着水体中Pb2+和Cd2+浓度的增加,幼参体内的重金属含量和累积速率均呈升高趋势,但富集系数呈波动性变化,幼参对Cd2+的富集系数和累积速率均高于Pb2+。结果表明,Cd2+对幼参的急性毒性作用强于Pb2+,且幼参对Cd2+的富集能力明显强于Pb2+。本研究将为阐明刺参在生态环境修复中的作用提供理论依据,并为刺参健康养殖与食用安全提供重要参考。     

铬在渔业中应用的研究进展

综述了铬在渔业中应用的研究进展,包括铬作为水产养殖饲料添加剂,对水生生物生长、毒性和生理活性的影响,及铬对养殖水体的污染、对渔业生物的危害以及检测方法等等,并提出了今后的研究展望。     

拟除虫菊酯和有机磷农药对三种扇贝稚贝的急性毒性效应

采用静水实验法测定拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类农药对三种扇贝稚贝的急性毒性效应.结果表明:联苯菊酯对海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝稚贝24 h的LC50的分别为1.460、1.662和2.909 mg/L;辛琉磷对海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝稚贝24 h的LC50的分别44.598、182.167和39.334 μg/L;马拉...     

天津港口疏浚淤泥悬浮物对海洋动物的急性毒性效应

研究了不同浓度的悬浮物对鲈鱼和梭鱼幼体的毒性效应。实验结果表明:疏浚淤泥悬浮相对其效应明显。21℃和24℃试验水温时,悬浮物对鲈鱼幼苗的急性毒性实验结果分别为:96hLC50为1 711.2mg/L、1 052.8mg/L;安全浓度分别为:171.12、105.28mg/L;悬浮物对梭鱼幼苗的急性毒性实验结果分别为:96h LC50为453.6、168.1mg/L;安全浓度分别为:45.36、16.81mg/L。随温度、悬浮物浓度的升高,毒性效应呈增强趋势。     

First report of Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. infection in freshwater cultured loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

A novel disease outbreak occurred among cultured loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China. The diseased fish displayed lethargy, loss of appetite, black discolouration, anasarca and ventral skin hyperaemia. Clinical signs were observed in most of the fish examined, which consisted of discoloured liver, swollen spleen and petechial haemorrhage in the intestine and peritoneal membranes. The causative agent was found to be two species of bacteria by experimental infection, identified as Shewanella sp. and Listonella sp. The result showed that these were likely to be Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum respectively. Bacterial identification consisted of physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, revealing that Shewanella putrefaciens and Listonella anguillarum were susceptible to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, pipemidicacid and norfloxacin. This is the first report of S. putrefaciens and L. anguillarum from cultured loach.     

Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) post-larval survival related to age, temperature, pH and ammonium concentration

Transport of post‐larvae shrimp used in aquaculture is an important element of successful cultivation because of the potential for stress during stocking procedures. To find optimum transport conditions, several bioassays were performed in the laboratory to evaluate survival of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 5–30‐day‐old postlarvae under conditions similar to those encountered during transport from the hatchery to nursery and shrimp ponds. Postlarvae were exposed for 4 h to different temperatures and pH levels ammonia concentrations. Survival was significantly reduced after a 4 h exposure to pH 9 and was inversely related to temperature with or without 7 mg L^?1 of ammonia. The 15‐ and 20‐day‐old postlarvae had higher survival rates than other ages. The lowest survival occurred in alkali conditions (pH 9), with 7 mg L^?1ammonia at 30 and 32°C. To assure optimal survival of postlarvae during transfer from the hatchery to the nursery and shrimp ponds, we recommend temperatures below 28°C, pH no higher than 8, no ammonia and post‐larval age at least 15 days.     

敌百虫对三疣梭子蟹幼体的急性毒性研究

试验结果表明,随着三疣梭子蟹幼体的发育,其半致死质量浓度以及安全质量浓度呈上升趋势。三疣梭子蟹Ⅰ期溞状幼体24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为0.0095 mg/L和0.0082 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.0018 mg/L;三疣梭子蟹Ⅱ期溞状幼体24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为0.019 mg/L和0.010 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.0038 mg/L;三疣梭子蟹Ⅳ期溞状幼体24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为0.085 mg/L和0.047 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.0043 mg/L;三疣梭子蟹大眼幼体24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为0.085mg/L和0.050 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.0052 mg/L。     

港口疏浚淤泥悬浮物对2种海洋生物的急性毒性试验研究

从上个世纪开始,人们对于海洋悬浮物就予以了高度重视。悬浮物作为海洋中最普遍的污染,对海洋生物造成了很大危害。本文用海洋疏浚淤泥悬浮物对卤虫无节幼体和梭鱼幼鱼进行了急性毒性试验。结果显示,半致死浓度随着时间的延长而逐渐降低;不同密度的海洋生物半致死浓度相差不大。不同水温条件下的梭鱼幼鱼试验表明,水温为24℃时其半致死浓度比21℃时要低,其安全浓度也呈现相同的趋势。