新饲料添加剂N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖的急性毒性研究

【目的】研究N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对鸡的急性毒性,评价该药的安全性;【方法】以最大浓度的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(10.5%),按20ml/(kg·bw)(2.1g/(kg·bw)/次)剂量24h内给鸡灌服;【结果】给药后连续观察7天,各组试验鸡全部存活,临床、剖检均未见到异常变化,测不出LD50,根据新药审批办法中关于急性毒性的要求,进行最大耐受量的测定。鸡灌服给予N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的最大耐受量为10.5g/(kg·bw),相当于临床拟用量的3500倍;【结论】N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖毒副作用很小,临床可以安全应用。     

铝盐对厌氧微生物产甲烷活性的影响研究

废水中铝盐含量增高以及铝盐的生物毒性使其对废水生物处理工艺中微生物产生的危害引起了人们的关注。本文以产甲烷活性为指标，通过投加氯化铝测定其对颗粒污泥的产甲烷毒性来研究铝盐对厌氧菌的危害。结果表明，铝盐使厌氧颗粒污泥的活性明显降低，但其毒性可以驯化，且清除铝盐后厌氧颗粒污泥的活性可以恢复。     

长链脂肪酸对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的影响及其相互作用研究

采用间歇培养实验研究了辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸等三种长链脂肪酸对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷活性的毒性，以及癸酸对辛酸和月桂酸抑制作用的影响。结果表明，辛酸、癸酸和月桂酸对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性有严重抑制，对厌氧颗粒污泥最大比产甲烷活性产生50%抑制的浓度(IC     

博落回急性及亚慢性毒性试验

博落回对小鼠经口急性毒性和对大鼠腹腔注射慢性毒性试验结果表明：博落回生物碱硫酸盐对昆明系小鼠的急性毒性为：水溶液ＬＤ５０＝９００ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，水混悬液ＬＤ５０＝１０４３ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，均属低毒级。博落回注射液对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠亚慢性毒作用的靶器官主要为肝，长时间或大剂量接毒引起肝细胞变性，增生，使雄性动物肝／体比明显增高，而血清谷－丙转氯酶下降。     

Effect of high rates of zinc on several crops grown on an irrigated plainfield sand

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to determine whether Zn applied for pathogen control could accumulate to a level which would be toxic to snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) was applied at rates varying from 0 to 363 kg Zn/ha on a Flainfield loamy sand to approximate 3, 9, 27 and 81 years of fungicidal treatment.

Even at the high rate of Zn, yields of snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn generally were not reduced. As rates of applied Zn increased, there was a corresponding increase in the level of Zn in the leaf tissue of all crops grown. At the high Zn rate, snapbean and cucumber leaf tissue accumulated over 350 ppm Zn. Available soil Zn was extracted with 0.1N HCl, EDTA, or DTPA. Highly significant correlations were observed between the Zn removed by each extractant and plant tissue Zn, thus, indicating that the various extractants were equally effective in predicting Zn uptake.

Very little downward movement of Zn was observed. Two and one‐half years after application, the Zn had leached to a depth of only 30 cm in the soil profile at the higher Zn rates.

These data indicate that application of Zn‐containing fungicides and bactericides should not cause a Zn toxicity problem on the Plainfield sand in the foreseeable future.     

Effects of Destruxin A on Hemocytes Morphology of Bombyx mori

Destruxin A (DA), a kind of cyclo-hexadepsipeptide isolated from entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, is an inhibitor of insect’s immunity. But its mechanism has not been clarified yet. In this study, the effects of DA on morphologic changes of in vivo and in vitro hemocytes of silkworm, Bombyx mori, were investigated by means of inverted phase contrast microscopy (IPCM), fluorescence microscopy (FCM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The results indicated that DA was cytotoxic to granulohemocytes (GR) and plasmatocytes (PL). The LC 50 values of DA against in vitro GR and PL of silkworm were 68.77 and 84.11 μg mL-1, respectively. However, the hemocytes in vivo were more susceptible to DA, although at the extremely low dose of 10 μL of 12.5 μg mL-1 for each insect (i.e., 0.036 μg g-1 body weight, or approximately 0.25 μg mL-1 hemolymph), DA could induce obviously morphologic alterations of hemocytes in vivo. The results imply that there might be some factors in silkworm’s hemolymph, which influence the interaction of DA and hemocytes.     

汞毒性对草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）幼苗基因型的差异性抑制研究

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（Pgi）和苹果酸酶（Me）进行了基因频率分析。所研究的草木樨种群具有较高的多态性（A=3.0,Ho=0.346～0.401）,将草木樨种子暴露于HgCl2溶液（30mg·L-1）,萌发后测量各幼苗的上、下胚轴长度以及测定其基因型,判定各基因型与上、下胚轴长度的关系。ANOVA分析表明,对照组中Me-AA基因型幼苗具有下胚轴生长优势,Me-AA基因型个体的下胚轴长度（35.20mm±4.63mm）显著大于以下各基因型个体的下胚轴长度：Me-AB（22.84mm±1.34mm）,Me-BB（22.82mm±0.68mm）和Me-BC（20.00mm±1.21mm）。HgCl2急性暴露对Me各基因型下胚轴的抑制作用呈现均一性。在Pgi基因座,草木樨对照组中各基因型的生长不存在差异,但在HgCl2急性暴露下,Pgi-AC基因型幼苗的下胚轴长度（19.75mm±0.73mm）显著大于Pgi-BB基因型的下胚轴长度（14.67mm±1.04mm）,表明Pgi-AC基因型个体对HgCl2的耐受性更强。等位酶分析技术可用来确定植物的种群遗传结构对生长或重金属的耐受性关系，这种关系的确立对遗传育种、生态修复具有潜在的应用价值。     

15种杀虫杀螨剂对皮氏叶螨的毒力测定

采用玻片浸渍法，对15种杀虫杀螨剂对香蕉皮氏叶螨的室内毒力进行了测定。结果表明：供试药剂中以阿维菌素对皮氏叶螨的雌成螨的毒力为最高，LC50为0.005 5 mg/L，其次为鱼藤酮，LC50为0.017 3 mg/L，毒力最低的为吡虫啉，LC50为113.101 4 mg/L；15种供试药剂对皮氏叶螨的毒力大小顺序依次为：阿维菌素＞鱼藤酮＞唑螨酯＞哒螨灵＞毒死蜱＞辛硫磷＞高氯苯＞联苯菊酯＞功夫＞螺螨酯＞甲氰菊酯＞丙溴磷＞敌敌畏＞炔螨特＞吡虫啉。