规模化猪场保健方案的探讨

随着我国养猪业的迅猛发展,养猪行业也带来了新的活力。但其劣势与问题也逐步暴露出来,如环境保护、畜产品安全以及养殖效益等问题,尤其是猪场疫病不断,严重阻碍着养猪业的健康发展。对猪场保健程序以及猪的保健方案的制定进行了探讨。     

东营市规模奶牛场强制免疫“先打后补”工作的探讨

畜禽强制免疫“先打后补”是2016年原农业部、财政部探索推行的一项强制免疫补助政策,允许规模养殖场自主采购疫苗、自行开展免疫,免疫合格后申请财政直补。本文旨在对东营市近几年强制免疫“先打后补”政策在规模奶牛场实施现状进行综合分析,查找政策实施的难点、堵点及其原因,提出如何更好地让奶牛等规模养殖场参与强制免疫“先打后补”政策的措施、建议,为进一步完善“先打后补”政策,防控重大动物疫病提供参考。     

生物多样性,生态系统功能与时空尺度

生物多样性与生态系统功能的关系已成为重大的科学问题呈现在生态学界。大量的研究表明, 生物多样性对系统生产力、分解性、养分循环以及稳定性等多种功能均有重要影响。本研究在众多研究的基础上, 就生物多样性的基本内容——物种多样性对生态系统功能的2个方面,即生产力和入侵性的关系模式、作用机理、存在的争议, 以及时空尺度对其的影响作一综述。通过生物多样性与生态系统功能关系基本理论的探讨, 阐明生物多样性对生态系统功能的重要影响及潜在机理, 以期为相关研究者提供科学参考, 以促进我国的生物多样性研究。     

Slaughterline records of various postmortem pathological lesions and their influence on carcass and meat quality in slaughtered pigs

The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of pathological lesions in pigs from small‐scale farms and to determine associations between pathological lesions and hematological parameters, and carcass and meat quality in slaughtered pigs. The study was conducted on 625 pigs (~115 kg) originating from 20 small‐scale farms. Any signs of pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, and liver milk spots were recorded as present or absent. Complete blood count was investigated. The following carcass quality parameters were measured: live, hot and cold carcass weights, cooling loss, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and meatiness. Meat pH and temperature were measured 45 min postmortem. Of the 625 examined pigs, 41.8% had pneumonia, 23.5% pleurisy, 2.7% pericarditis, and 29.9% liver milk spots. The presence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs adversely affected hematological parameters, reduced live, hot and cold carcass weights, and meatiness and had deleterious effects on meat quality (higher pH_45min and higher prevalence of dark, firm and dry meat). In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs, indicating serious health problems in smallholder pig production systems. The presence of single and, especially, multiple pathological lesions in slaughtered pigs negatively affected hematological parameters, and carcass and meat quality.     

张掖市规模化羊场疫病综合防制技术研究

随着张掖市养羊业规模化、集约化程度的不断提高,羊的疫病也随之频发,呈现多系统混合感染、隐性感染、引入性疫病致病率高等特点,本文论述了规模化养羊场疫病综合防制的基本原则,提出了对规模化养羊场疫病综合防制具有指导意义的技术措施.     

规模化猪场哺乳母猪与仔猪的行为观察

对规模化饲养条件下的6头大长经产母猪及仔猪在哺乳期哺乳，吮乳、采食，排泄、应激等行为进行了观察，分析其特征和规律，为生产上改进母猪的饲养管理和提高仔猪生产效率提供科学依据。     

Norwich terriers possess a greater vertebral heart scale than the canine reference value

Previous studies have demonstrated evidence that normal reference ranges for radiographic vertebral heart scale values can vary among dog breeds. The purpose of this retrospective, observational study was to determine whether the normal vertebral heart scale values published by Buchanan and Bücheler for lateral radiographs are applicable to the Norwich terrier. Secondary objectives were to determine if clinical signs of respiratory disease, age, sex, weight, body condition score, recumbency, or thoracic depth‐to‐width ratio had any influence on vertebral heart scale measurements in this breed. The electronic medical record systems of two universities were reviewed and Norwich terriers were included in the study if they had orthogonal thoracic radiographs performed and no historical or radiographic evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. A vertebral heart scale was calculated for each patient. Sixty‐one client‐owned, Norwich terrier dogs with no clinical signs of cardiovascular disease were evaluated. The vertebral heart scale for Norwich terriers without evidence of cardiac disease (10.6 ± 0.6) was found to be significantly greater than the canine reference value of 9.7 ± 0.5 initially established by Buchanan and Bücheler. No significant correlation was found between clinical signs of respiratory disease, sex, age, thoracic depth‐to‐width ratio or lateral recumbency, and vertebral heart scale. Norwich terriers with a body condition score ≥6 had a significantly higher vertebral heart scale than those with a body condition score ≤5. Breed‐specific ranges and body condition scores need to be considered when interpreting vertebral heart scale values for Norwich terriers.     

短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率植物群落优势种群空间分布格局的研究

以内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,应用扩散系数的t检验、平均拥挤度、丛生指标、聚块性指标、Green指数、Cassie指标等方法,研究了短花针茅、无芒隐子草和冷蒿3种优势植物在不同载畜率下的格局分布类型、格局规模以及聚集强度.结果表明,短花针茅、无芒隐子草和冷蒿的分布类型均为聚集分布,其中,在对照区和中牧区,其聚集强度的大小顺序依次为无芒隐子草、冷蒿、短花针茅;在轻牧区和重牧区,聚集强度的大小顺序依次为冷蒿、无芒隐子草、短花针茅.随着草地的退化,无芒隐子草和冷蒿在群落中上升为主要的种群.     

Owner assessment in judging the efficacy of airway disease treatment

Reasons for performing study: Efficacy of medications for recurrent airway obstruction is typically tested using clinical, cytological and lung function examinations of severely affected animals. These trials are technically challenging and may not adequately reflect the spectrum of disease and owner complaints encountered in clinical practice. Objective: To determine if owners of horses with chronic airway disease are better able to detect drug efficacy than a veterinarian who clinically examines horses infrequently. Method: In a double‐blinded randomised controlled trial, owners and a veterinarian compared the efficacy of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg bwt per os, q. 24 h, for 3 weeks; n = 9) to placebo (n = 8) in horses with chronic airway disease. Before and after treatment, owners scored performance, breathing effort, coughing and nasal discharge using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The clinician recorded vital parameters, respiratory distress, auscultation findings, cough and nasal discharge, airway mucus score, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology and arterial blood gases. Results: The VAS score improved significantly in dexamethasone‐ but not placebo‐treated horses. In contrast, the clinician failed to differentiate between dexamethasone‐ and placebo‐treated animals based on clinical observations, BALF cytology or endoscopic mucus score. Respiratory rate (RR) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO₂) improved with dexamethasone but not placebo. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In the design of clinical trials of airway disease treatments, more emphasis should be placed on owner‐assessed VAS than on clinical, cytological and endoscopic observations made during brief examinations by a veterinarian. Quantifiable indicators reflecting lung function such as RR and PaO₂ provide a good assessment of drug efficacy.     

2019年滨州地区及周边规模化场牛支原体血清流行病学调查

[目的]为了了解山东省滨州地区及周边规模化牛场支原体流行的基本情况,[方法]对该区域14个规模化奶牛场和肉牛场进行了血清采集,采用牛支原体IgG抗体ELISA检测方法进行牛支原体血清抗体检测,并使用SPSS 20进行卡方统计学检验。[结果]山东省规模化牛场的牛支原体IgG抗体总阳性率为77.86%,奶牛场的阳性率为74.29%,肉牛场的阳性率为81.43%,奶牛场牛支原体IgG阳性率与肉牛场的统计学差异不显著（P>0.05）;奶牛场不同场区,肉牛场不同场区之间,牛支原体的IgG阳性率差异显著（P<0.05）。[结论]山东省滨州地区及周边规模化牛场存在不同程度的牛支原体感染,牛支原体感染可能成为危害国内规模化奶牛场奶牛健康的主要疫病之一。