Effect of dietary protein reduction with lysine and methionnine supplementation on growth performance,body composition and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

A 63‐day growth trial was undertaken to estimate the effects of supplemented lysine and methionine with different dietary protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six plant‐based practical diets were prepared, and 32CP, 30CP and 28CP diets were formulated to contain 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 crude protein without lysine and methionine supplementation. In the supplementary group, lysine and methionine were added to formulate 32AA, 30AA and 28AA diets with 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 dietary crude protein, respectively, according to the whole body amino acid composition of Grass Carp. In the groups without lysine and methionine supplementation, weight gain (WG, %) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day^?1) of the fish fed 32CP diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed 30CP and 28CP diets, but no significant differences were found between 30CP‐ and 28CP‐diet treatments. WG and SGR of the fish fed 32AA and 30AA diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed 28AA diets, and the performance of grass carp was also significantly improved when fed diets with lysine and methionine supplementation (P < 0.05), and the interaction between dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation was noted between WG and SGR (P < 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Two days after total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration test, the values of TAN discharged by the fish 8 h after feeding were 207.1, 187.5, 170.6, 157.3, 141.3 and 128.9 mg kg^?1 body weight for fish fed 32CP, 32AA, 30CP, 30AA, 28CP and 28AA diets, respectively. TAN excretion by grass carp was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05). The results indicated that lysine and methionine supplementation to the plant protein sources‐based practical diets can improve growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, and the dietary crude protein can be reduced from 320 g kg^?1 to 300 g kg^?1 through balancing amino acids profile. The positive effect was not observed at 280 g kg^?1 crude protein level.     

南太湖近岸水域叶绿素a含量与氮磷浓度的关系

2007年6月-2008年4月对南太湖近岸水域进行了4次生态环境调查,在此基础上,对叶绿素a含量（Chl.a）与总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）浓度及氮磷比（N/P）的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明：南太湖水体中Chl.a含量与TN浓度的关系存在显著的季节差异,在蓝藻水华大范围爆发的2007年6月和2008年4月2者呈极显著的正相关,而2007年10月和2008年1月2者无显著性关系;Chl.a含量与TP浓度在4次调查中皆无显著相关关系;岭回归分析显示,N/P 10～25是南太湖水体中附着藻类的最佳生长范围,此时总氮、总磷浓度及氮磷比与Chl.a含量呈显著的正相关,4者的多元回归关系为Chl.a=-0.0012＋0.0064 TN＋0.0215 TP＋0.0005N/P（R=0.543,P〈0.023）。总体来说,南太湖水体中的总氮、总磷浓度及氮磷比皆在藻类生长的适宜范围内,氮磷浓度处于较高水平,已经不是藻类生长的限制因素,在不同水温、光照等环境因子的作用下,加上本水域复杂的水文和季风共同影响下形成了蓝藻水华爆发的季节性差异。     

枸杞中总黄酮的分析方法及提取工艺研究

以乙醇为溶剂,采用回流提取法提取宁夏枸杞中的总黄酮。通过正交试验,对影响提取效果的主要因素包括提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度和固液比进行优化。通过试验研究发现最优提取条件为:提取温度70℃,提取时间2.0h,乙醇浓度70%,固液比为1:20。此法为枸杞中黄酮类化合物的提取提供了参考。     

Use of ammonia electrode for total nitrogen determination in plants

Abstract

An ammonia electrode was evaluated as a means of determining ammonium concentration in semi‐micro Kjeldahl digests of plant samples. Results of the ammonia electrode determination agreed closely with distillation and titration results. Advantages of the electrode method include speed, precision, increased safety, simplicity and the fact that only a small aliquot of the digest is used.     

Triton X-100对漆酶处理苯酚的影响

研究了Triton X-100对漆酶氧化去除水溶液中苯酚的作用.苯酚和漆酶浓度分别是50 mg/L和 0.05 mg/mL时，提高苯酚去除率的Triton X-100最佳浓度是155 μM．Triton X-100的浓度从31~930 μM时漆酶活性随之增长，在930 μM Triton X-100存在时有最大增值17%.苯酚的初始浓度分别为50, 100, 200, 400和600 mg/L 时，155 μM Triton X-100作用下6 h后，苯酚去除率分别是对照组的1.2, 1.6, 3.4, 4.5和5.7倍.结果表明Triton X-100可以作为水处理或修复过程的添加剂来提高由漆酶催化的苯酚去除率.     

Predicting total soil lead from an acetic acid‐sodium acetate buffered solution

Abstract

Total soil lead was predicted satisfactorily from the Lead extracted by the Standard Morgan soil testing solution (sodium acetate with acetic acid, pH 4.8). Using 161 soils, 85% of the variance in total lead content was accounted for by:

Total Lead = ‐115 + 106.4 √Sodium Acetate Extracted Lead A modified Morgan solution, utilizing EDTA as a chelating agent, extracted greater than 3 times as much lead as the regular Morgan's solution, but was no better in predicting total lead.     

天津市农产品加工业发展总体现状与方向

通过对大量统计资料和典型调查的系统分析,对天津农产品加工业的发展状况进行了深入的系统研究,分析了发展的特点、差距和问题,指出了天津农产品加工业发展的 10个方向     

内蒙古东北部天然牧草生态气候适应性研究

应用积分回归、模糊数学中隶属函数和地理信息系统,对内蒙古东北部的天然牧草进行分区生态气候适应性综合评价。分析表明:牧草的自然生态适应性在半干旱、干旱环境中明显不如湿润、半湿润地区;对天然牧草的资源总量、生态系统进行了系统辩识;以定量、客观的方法分析和评价牧草气候资源区域分布特征,揭示出了资源的总体状况和各气候生态要素间的相互匹配情况。可为制定畜牧业发展规划提供决策依据。     

五龙鹅早期血浆总蛋白质消长规律与成分研究

本试验选用五龙鹅蛋用系与快长系各150只进行网床育肥试验,测定血浆总蛋白质含量,并进行PAGE电泳。结果显示:初生雏鹅血浆总蛋白质含量较高,随着日龄(1~90 d)增加呈先下降后升高趋势,以对数函数和抛物线函数分段拟合效果较佳,R2为0.9445、0.9568;血浆总蛋白质含量在性别间差异不显著,品系间差异显著。PAGE电泳结果表明:血浆中蛋白质种类在品系、性别间没有差异,随日龄的增加亦没有条带变化。清蛋白含量的变化是引起血浆总蛋白质含量变化的主要因素。     

蝴蝶兰外植体褐变发生与总酚含量、PPO、POD和PAL的关系

 蝴蝶兰外植体在褐变发生前期PPO和POD活力皆升高, 褐变发生后酶活力下降。同工酶谱分析发现, 培养0 d的蝴蝶兰外植体PPO没有酶带出现, 而POD有1条弱带。离体培养2 d POD出现3条酶带, 第4天有新酶带Ⅰ发生, 随后消失, 其余3条带, 随培养天数的延长, 酶带活性渐弱。PPO同工酶谱在培养2 d出现3条酶带, 迁移率为0128的酶带Ⅲ在培养4 d活性较强, 随后3条酶带减弱。总酚含量和PAL活力随外植体褐变增强而逐渐增加, 两者呈现极显著正相关。