猪肺炎支原体及其生物学研究进展

猪肺炎支原体是引起猪支气管肺炎的主要病原 ,严重危害着养猪事业的发展。虽然猪肺炎支原体的结构简单 ,但由于它对营养要求较高 ,故培养难度大 ,也是人们不能对其深入研究的一个主要原因。近年来利用克隆技术 ,对猪肺炎支原体从基因水平上进行了多种研究 ,已经取得了一些可喜成果。文章从它的生物学特性、荚膜结构、膜蛋白研究以及基因水平的研究等方面进行了综合性论述 ,并简明地指出了目前研究中存在的问题以及未来展望     

恒河猴肾上腺皮质的显微与超微结构

应用光镜和透射电镜观察，恒河猴肾上腺皮质可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。其特点是：（1）被膜较发达，有时可伸入球状带将其细胞分隔为团块。（2）球状带有时呈指状指入束状带和网状带，其内可见嗜铬细胞；球状带细胞可分为明、暗2种类型，他们排列成团球状、滤泡状、索状和不规则形。（3）网状带较发达，有的可分为内、外2个区；有时网状带呈刺状伸入束状带；有时网状带细胞可见于被膜下或髓质内。（4）有时部分被膜连同皮质一起呈指状伸入髓质内。（5）皮质细胞均含丰富的溶酶体、线粒体和内质网，但不同部位的细胞所含的脂滴在数量、大小、形态和电子密度等方面存在差异。     

用紫外分光法测定鱼藤中异黄酮类的总含量

根据鱼藤中异黄酮类化合物在紫外光２１０～２４５ｎｍ及２９０～３０５ｎｍ处具有吸收峰这一特性，提出了用紫外分光法测定鱼藤中异黄酮类总含量的方法．在３００ｎｍ波长处，浓度低于６×２．６１８×１０－３／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，测定了标准系列的吸光值，结果表明吸光值与浓度近乎直线相关，相关系数为０．９９７７；标准系列吸光值准确性高；加样回收率达９９％以上；测定样品时，重现性好．     

灵芝硒多糖SeGLP—1抑制小鼠肝腹水癌作用的研究

灵芝硒多糖SeGLP-1由葡萄糖、甘露糖、木糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖组成，与灵芝多糖一样是由α-糖苷键连接的吡喃多糖，硒在多糖内极可能是以O=Se=O的形式结合。给移杆肝腹水癌HCa-f的小鼠每日注射50mg/kg的SeGLP-1,15d后抑癌率可达80%，说明SeGLP-1的抑癌作用与其分子组成和分子结构的变化有关。     

葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的离体培养

为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的交配障碍,进行了杂交胚珠的离体培养研究。发芽胚珠的取样时期集中于授粉后35～75d,其中多数以二倍体作母本的组合在授粉后55d取样的发芽率最高,以四倍体作母本的组合授粉后70d取样的发芽率最高。基本培养模式为:发育培养基-(剥胚)萌发培养基-生长培养基。用二倍体品种作母本时,所有组合均获得了培养苗,在1号培养基上培养的胚珠发芽率高于2号培养基。反交对培养基的要求有相反趋势,其中2个组合未得到培养苗。授粉后60d,直接剥出杂种胚进行培养,得到了最高发芽率。综合分析初步认为,用二倍体品种作母本比用四倍体品种作母本容易获得杂交后代。     

O,O-二烷基-N-莰-2-基(硫)磷酰胺酯的合成

合成了14个含有 N-莰-2-基的磷酰胺和硫代磷酰胺类化合物,用红外、核磁及元素分析确定其结构,并探讨了~(31)Pδ值的规律性变化。初步生物试验表明,磷酰胺类化合物对水稻发芽具有明显的抑制作用,其中化合物Ⅱ1的活性大于对照药剂抗倒胺但低于多效唑。     

苹果试管苗不定根起源及其发育状况的研究

利用光学和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明,经琼脂生根培养基诱导产生的长富—2苹果 (Malus pumila Mill.) 试管苗的不定根起源于维管形成层。这种不定根发育不良,根表面缺乏根毛,内部解剖构造为典型的初生结构。为避免因不定根吸收、运输能力差而影响试管苗移栽成活,宜采用通透性良好的基质进行瓶内或瓶外生根,可诱导出优质不定根。     

The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Nitrogen Absorption by Sunflowers

Little is known about the effect of fertilization on the N uptake of sunflowers. A 4² factorial trial with 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha⁻¹ and 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P ha⁻¹ was conducted over three years. The N content and concentration of leaves, stems and capitula were determined at three growth stages. High N levels increased the N content and concentration of all plant parts at all growth stages sharply. High P levels increased the N content of all plant components through better growth. P has an inconsistent effect on N concentration but tended to decrease it. After flowering the crop assimilated 20 to 25 % of the total N. This implies that N applied can still be applied and utilized by the crop at a late stage. This should be substantiated by further research.     

大豆室内耐冷筛选及其在田间的应用研究

本试验把生长箱大豆耐低温萌发筛选与田间早春播研究相结合,验证耐低温发芽的可靠性。在实验室,萌发期表现抗冷的大豆,田间出昔期仍表现抗冷或较抗冷。实验表明,大豆出苗的生物学最低温度平均为7.1℃,所需有效积温136℃。地温的高低直接影响大豆早春出苗的多寡,两者呈密切的正相关。黄、青、黑豆中,以黑豆抵抗早春不良气候条件的能力最强。     

Die Wurzelentwicklung von Zuckerrübenpflanzen auf einem Sandlöß-Standort und ihre Bedeutung für die Stickstoffernährung

Root development of sugar beet plants on a sandy loess site with regard to nitrogen nutrition.
Root development of sugar beet plants in a sandy loess soil (Haplic Phaeozem) was observed from the early seedling stage up to harvest by measuring at first the greatest vertical and lateral extension of the root systems of single plants and later the rooting density of the whole plant stands (auger method, profile wall method).
During the seedling stage not only the subsoil, but also large parts of the topsoil between the plants remained unoccupied by the root systems. In this phase the greatest lateral extension of single roots reaches nearly the length of the greatest leaf of the plant. With the closure of the canopy the rooting density in the topsoil accounts to 1–2 cm cm⁻³.
In summer roots penetrate to a depth of 100–150 cm with rooting densities of 0.1 to 1 cm - cm⁻³. Thus, the plants gain not only access to water reserves, but sometimes meet remarkable amounts of nitrate which under the relatively dry conditions of the region tends to accumulate in 60–120 cm depth and – when taken up by the beet plants in the late stage of growth – affects crop quality negatively.