马尾松种源地理变异规律的初步研究

对１６个马尾松种源进行育苗及造林试验,初期结果表明各种源在树高、地径和冠幅生长等性状上存在显差异。用１０个不同数学模型,拟合１６个马尾松种源在纬度和经度上的一维和二维地理变异规律,马尾松种源树高、地径和冠幅生长与纬度呈现显的变异,与经度的关系不明显。且二次数学模型比一次数学模型拟合效果更优,是模拟马尾松地理变异的理想模式。     

运用致病毒素筛选抗烟草黑胫病细胞突变体I抗毒素愈伤组织的有效筛选

以６０Ｃｏ－γ射线照射烟草优质感病品种的花药作为诱变手段,用烟草黑胫病疫霉菌粗毒素为筛选剂,对烟草花粉植株叶片的愈伤组织,进行抗病突变体细胞的筛选．试验表明：毒素对烟草愈伤组织的存活和增殖有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度随毒素浓度提高而加强,同一浓度对不同品种也存在着差异．综合毒素浓度对烟草愈伤组织抑制、增殖程度及筛选的有效性,初步认为：筛选红大和Ｋ３２６抗黑胫病突变体细胞的最适粗毒素浓度分别为３０％和４５％．所筛选出的抗病突变体细胞,其细胞水平的抗性与再生植株的抗病性鉴定相吻合．     

中国冬小麦品质时空变异特征及关键气象因子分析

为精准解析中国冬小麦品质的变异特征及其影响因素,利用地理信息系统(GIS)研究中国冬小麦籽粒品质在2006-2019年的时空分布特征,探究影响冬小麦籽粒品质的关键气象因子,分析冬小麦品质与关键气象因子的空间异质性。结果表明,中国冬小麦籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值在空间上总体呈东北高西南低的变化趋势,各指标在时间上没有一致的变化特征。籽粒蛋白含量与开花至成熟期间最高气温大于30℃的天数呈极显著正相关,空间上具有一定正相关特征;湿面筋含量与开花至成熟期的平均气温呈极显著正相关,空间上具有一定正相关特征;沉淀值与开花至成熟期的日照时数呈显著负相关,空间上呈现出明显的负相关。因此,根据影响冬小麦品质形成的关键气象因子,合理布局冬小麦种植区划,制定冬小麦优质发展的气候适宜区,有利于冬小麦品质提升的气候资源高效利用。     

Trends in relief design and construction in opencast mining reclamation

This paper examines trends in topography design and construction in opencast mining restoration. The greatest geomorphological focus is the protection of aquatic ecosystems downstream of reclaimed sites through the construction of topographies and structures that not only reduce sediments and contaminants to a minimum, but which soften the impact of maximum water flows. From the ecological point of view, the most important focus is the integration of the geomorphological component with those of the soil and vegetation, and the formation of a functional ecosystem with the capacity to maintain itself. The conceptual models of relief that have been used in practice are discussed and criticized: these include the platform‐bank model (geotechnically but not ecologically stable), faithful reproduction of the original topography (inadequate in steep areas), and understanding the hydrological basin as a restoration unit (now considered the most appropriate). Finally, erosion models are reviewed as tools for relief design. The practicality of ‘RUSLE 1.06 for Mined Lands, Construction Sites and Reclaimed Lands’ is underlined owing to its ease of use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2017年-2019年郑州地区猪圆环病毒3型分子流行病学调查及Cap基因序列分析

为了分析2017年-2019年郑州地区猪场中猪圆环病毒3型(PCV-3)分子流行情况及代表株Cap基因序列遗传情况,采集郑州地区规模化猪场、散养猪场中患病猪的淋巴结、脾脏、肾脏及血清样品1 175份,采用PCR进行PCV3检测,并选择代表株的Cap基因进行PCR检测与分析其遗传变异情况.结果表明,2017年-2019年...     

凡纳滨对虾引进群体和2个养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

利用8个微卫星标记对引进的SPF凡纳滨对虾G0和两个养殖群体(G1,G2)进行遗传多样性分析。8个座位共获得64个等位基因,位点的等位基因数在5~l3之间。多态信息含量PIC在0.405 2~0.869 3之间,其中有6个位点为高度多态位点,适合于多态性分析。8个座位丢失的和新产生的等位基因共30个,占总数的47%。3个群体的平均观测杂合度分别为0.193 8、0.196 1、0.232 5,说明3个群体的遗传多样性较低。对近交系数Fis分析显示3个群体中存在近交,通过对哈迪温伯格平衡检验,显示所有座位均显著偏离平衡,存在杂合子缺失。通过配对Fst和Ne i遗传距离分析,显示3个群体之间有明显的遗传分化,说明种群结构发生了明显的遗传变异,变异可能来自于突变、随机漂变和选择的共同作用。实验结果能够很好地解释经过若干群体选育后,子代群体发生种质退化的现状,由此建议综合采用遗传育种的方法从引进的亲虾中筛选出性状优良稳定的仔虾作为虾苗。     

改革开放以来广东农民收入变化特征及未来选择

农业农村工作,说一千、道一万,增加农民收入是关键.本文通过系统回顾改革开放40多年来广东农民收入的变动历程及其来源构成,分析当前及今后一段时期广东农民增收面临的主要问题和挑战,判断未来广东农民收入的增长点及政策选择,具有重要现实意义.研究发现,改革开放以来广东农民收入增速经历了"快速增长—明显下滑—恢复—低迷—持续较快...     

Seasonal variations of immune parameters in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond

In order to understand the effects of seasonal change on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond, A. japonicus with body weight of 12.2 ± 4.5 g (sample A) and 32.6 ± 7.1 g (sample B), respectively, were collected monthly and randomly from a typical pond during a year cycle and employed for the evaluation of immunocompetence. Simultaneously, the environmental factors in the pond including water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a handheld multiparameter meter. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coelomic fluid were selected for the evaluation of A. japonicus immunocompetence and determined using biochemical methods. The results showed that in both samples, the activities of all determined enzymes had small values in winter and early spring, and LYZ, CAT and MPO activities also presented small values in summer, suggesting that pond‐cultured A. japonicus underwent immunosuppression twice during a year cycle, and the immunosuppression occurred in winter and early spring was more severe than that occurred in summer. In addition, most of the determined enzymes showed different variations between the two samples, and had significantly negative correlation with protein concentration, which was significantly and negatively correlated with water temperature, revealing that body weight and water temperature might have crucial effects on the immunity of A. japonicus cultured in pond.     

硇洲马尾藻的繁殖特性及体长生物量的季节变动

广东特产的硇洲马尾藻是一种具有食用、药用价值的大型褐藻,有望开发成人工育苗栽培的新种类。2009年7月至2010年6月,原生态定点观察周年各月其体长和生物量等季节变动情况,结果发现,藻体假多年生,异株、异托。8—10月为体止期,11月至翌年4月中旬为生长期,4月中旬至6月初是繁殖期,6月初至7月底为衰老期。自然种群的繁衍和维持以假根再生为主,有性繁殖为辅。假根周年各月均可再生小苗,拔除假根,严重破坏种群繁衍,保留假根的剪收可以使第二年相同面积、同一时间的同种藻体的现存生物量明显增加。分布在水深2 m以内,宽5～10 m的潮间带岩礁上,11月开始加速生长,到5月上旬藻体长度生长达到最大值,原生态藻体的生物量表现出明显的季节变化,基本上与体长生长保持同步增长,最大生物量可达1 280 g/m²,最大单株藻体长1.73 m,最大单株质量可达250 g。     

黄、东海底栖性甲壳动物种类组成的季节变化

根据2004年春、夏、秋和冬季在东、黄海底拖网渔业资源监测调查资料,分析了东、黄海甲壳动物种类组成的季节变化。四季共捕获虾类33种、蟹类12种和虾蛄3种。东、黄海的优势种有：大管鞭虾、假长缝拟对虾、鹰爪虾、长角赤虾、凹管鞭虾、脊腹褐虾、东海红虾、高脊管鞭虾、双斑蟳、三疣梭子蟹和口虾蛄,其中,大管鞭虾、假长缝拟对虾和鹰爪虾为调查海域的主要优势种。多样性指数中的丰富度指数（D）与多样度指数（H’）的四季变化趋势一致。在春季,由北到南呈下降趋势;夏、秋两季由北到南呈上升趋势;冬季则处于东海北部较高、黄海南部和东海中部较低的趋势。均匀度指数（J’）在3个区域各个季节之间相差不大。相似性指数结果表明,东海中部的群落相对稳定,而东海北部具有黄海南部和东海中部的群落特征。