芽孢杆菌B13的分离鉴定及其抑菌作用研究

试验旨在发掘有效的抗性菌以替代部分抗生素,并研究其抑菌作用,以大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用凝胶打孔法从猪肠道内容物中筛选出一株对3种病原菌均具有抑菌活性的菌株,利用形态特征观察、革兰氏染色、16SrDNA序列同源性比对鉴定菌株,并对其抑菌条件和生长条件进行优化。结果显示,试验筛选到1株对大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑制作用的菌株,经鉴定确定其为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),并命名为芽孢杆菌B13。此分离菌为革兰氏阳性菌,单生或成对生长。生长试验结果表明,该分离菌在pH为6.0,温度为34℃,以蔗糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,生长速度最快;在pH为7.0,温度为35℃,以麦芽糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,抗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌K88活性最高。本试验通过对芽孢杆菌B13的特性进行研究发现,此菌株具有较好的抑菌效果,在抑菌方面具有良好的开发应用前景。     

Optimizing ex situ genetic resource collections for European livestock conservation

Ex situ collections offer the potential to reduce extinction risks, affording option to society in maintaining future breeding opportunities for productivity and heritage traits. However, how much should we be seeking to collect and conserve in gene banks, and where? We developed a mathematical model to optimize logistical decisions of breed conservation choices and to evaluate alternative scenarios for efficiently re‐allocating genetic materials currently stored in different European gene banks, allowing for cross‐country collections, cost and cryogenic capacity differentials. We show how alternative allocations for the breeds that are currently stored in 11 European gene banks could reduce overall conservation costs by around 20% by selecting cryogenic banks that have relatively lower combination of fixed and collection costs, and are geographically closer to collection regions. Our results show that centralizing collections in one gene bank would double the costs, relative to collective European collections approaches. We also calculate marginal costs of collections and show that increasing diversity within the gene banks implies in higher costs per conserved breed.     

响应面法优化鸡α干扰素工程菌发酵培养基

本研究采用单因素试验和响应面法相结合的方式优化毕赤酵母重组菌的发酵培养基,以提高毕赤酵母发酵液的生物量。首先,通过单因素试验确定最优碳、氮源分别为甘油和NH4H2PO4;然后,采用Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验及Box-Behnken响应面分析并结合Design Expert统计分析软件构建响应方程。利用该方程预测得到最佳培养基配方:甘油46g/L,NH4H2PO414g/L,K2SO418g/L,MgSO415g/L,CaSO41.0g/L,KH2PO45g/L,KOH1.5g/L,初始pH6.96,PTM1盐4.4mL/L。此条件下毕赤酵母发酵后湿重具有最高值为175.54g/L,生物量比优化前提高了50%,并且培养基成本低廉,成分简单,方便调控,适合大规模发酵生产。     

模糊自适应遗传算法在农村电站无功补偿优化中的应用

运用模糊自适应遗传算法对农村电站无功补偿优化数学模型进行了优化计算,通过实例的计算机仿真,搜索到了电站无功补偿费用最低的优化补偿点,结果符合实际应用情况,表明自适应遗传算法应用于农业工程优化设计计算切实可行。     

兰州银滩黄河湿地4种植物的光合特性

本研究以兰州银滩黄河湿地自然生长的千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)、芦苇(Phragnites awstralis)、藨草(Scirpus triqueter)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)为研究对象,对4种典型植物生长季不同阶段的光合特性及其与环境因子间的关系进行比较分析,探讨了4种植物对湿地的适应特性和机制。结果表明,1)5月11日千屈菜、芦苇的净光合速率(P_n)呈不明显的双峰曲线,藨草和菖蒲的Pn变化较为平稳,日均P_n表现为芦苇千屈菜菖蒲藨草;8月19日,千屈菜、芦苇、藨草的Pn呈双峰曲线,光合"午休"现象明显,菖蒲为单峰曲线,日均Pn表现为芦苇菖蒲千屈菜藨草。2)5月11日,光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)、大气CO_2浓度(C_a)、相对湿度(RH)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、水分利用效率(WUE)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01,P0.001)的正相关关系;8月19日,PAR、C_a、T_r、G_s、WUE、土壤湿度(SM)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著或极显著的正相关关系;3)5月11日,PAR、C_a、T_a、RH对4种植物的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子;8月19日,PAR、T_r对千屈菜、藨草的Pn影响最大,PAR、WUE对芦苇、菖蒲的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子。尽管各因子对4种植物的光合速率均有不同影响,但PAR是对植物光合生理特性产生影响的根本原因。     

Application of Evolutionary Programming in Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch

This paper describes an application of evolutionary programming(EP) to reactive power optimization and voltage control of power systems.Some technical problems which conclude mutation sacle,fitness value and population size have been solved to make EP practical for solving the optimal power flow problems.The computational results with EP have been compared with those obtained from a conventional gradient based optimization method.The comparision shows that EP are better than conventional methods in dealing with the optimization of noncontinuous and nonsmooth funcnons.The EP show the ability to search for the global optimum in reactive optimization that has multiple optima.     

板栗产量构成因子的通径分析

为寻找影响板栗产量的主要因子,作者用数理统计的方法,通过对江苏省新沂市沭河果园４种不同密度８ａ生板栗密植园单株产量及与其相关产量构成因子的简单相关分析和逐步回归分析,得到了包括结果母枝数、主干截面积、结果母枝抽生结果枝数和单粒重在内的最优多元线性回归方程;再对人选的４个主要性状进行通径分析,明确了在保证树干一定粗度生长的条件下,保留适宜的结果母枝数,促进母枝抽生结果枝,是板栗丰产栽培的关键技术措施     

Optimizing selection for rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice

High rough rice yields are important for the profitable production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The value of rough rice is determined primarily by head rice (whole milled grains) and broken rice, together referred to as total milled rice. The objective of this study was to optimize selection for rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice using path-coefficient analysis and selection indices. Thirty-seven long grain pure lines were grown in an experiment at three Arkansas locations during 1993 and 1994. In another test, twenty-eight F₁ hybrids obtained from an eight-parent half diallel of long-grain rices were grown at two locations in Arkansas during 1991. For the pure lines, path analysis revealed that rough rice yield was approximately twice as important in determining total milled rice/ha than head rice. Path analysis for the hybrids revealed that rough rice yield was an even greater component in determining total milled rice/ha. Based on yield components for hybrid rice, panicle density had the largest direct effect determining total milled rice/ha. Filled grain/panicle, grain weight, and head rice, in that order, were secondary, but positive, factors determining total milled rice/ha. A selection index for pure lines based only on selection for head rice was 19.2 percent as effective as selection for total milled rice/ha directly. When selection for total milled rice/ha was based solely on rough rice yield, selection was 82.7 percent as effective as selecting for total milled rice/ha directly. Selection to improve total milled rice/ha should concentrate on increasing both rough rice yield and head rice. Rough rice yield should receive greater priority than head rice in selection strategies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

井灌工程优化规划方法的研究

以平原灌区旱、涝、碱综合治理为前提,以控制地下水位等为约束条件,进行灌溉水资源供需平衡计算;用供需平衡计算确定的最大开采量作为各种布井方案的标准,计算各种布井方案的投资、运行管理费用和能耗;进行各种井灌工程方案的优选。     

区域土地利用结构的碳效应评估及低碳优化

区域土地利用是引起碳排放的重要因素,土地利用结构优化能在一定程度改变土地利用的碳源/汇格局,并引导区域经济社会的低碳发展。基于线性规划方法,该文建立了区域土地利用碳效应综合评估及优化调控的方法,并以南京市为例,提出了3种土地利用低碳优化方案,并对其碳减排潜力进行了对比分析及蒙特卡洛模拟,最后提出了低碳土地利用优化的政策建议。结果发现,2020年南京市土地利用总体规划方案使区域的总碳蓄积量有所提升,但预期碳排放远远大于碳蓄积的增加值,同时也将会导致生态系统碳汇能力的降低;在3种优化方案中,基于碳排放最小化的土地利用结构优化方案比2020年规划方案的碳排放减少了73.75万 t,碳减排潜力为8.50%,表明该方案起到了较好的预期减排效果;因此,该文建议将基于碳排放最小化的土地利用结构优化方案作为南京市未来土地结构调整和产业规划的参考,该方案不仅有助于实现碳减排的目标,而且对于控制建设用地的过快增长、增加生产性土地面积、引导农地整理和居民点用地整理等土地利用规划和开发活动都具有重要的现实意义。