The epidemiology and diagnosis of bluetongue with particular reference to Corsica

Bluetongue (BT) and/or BT viruses (BTV) have been identified in the Mediterranean basin and the Balkans each year from 1998 to 2002 and in particular BTV serotype 2 in the French Island of Corsica (2000 and 2001). In response to these virus incursions, the French Veterinary Authorities carried out epidemiological studies that included virological, serological and entomological analysis, and two vaccination campaigns performed in the winter of 2000/2001 and the winter and spring of 2001 and 2002. Rapid and reliable serotype differentiation is essential at the start of an outbreak to allow an early selection of vaccine to control the spread of the virus. Thus, molecular tools, that complement conventional methods, have been developed for early detection of infection, determination of the serotype, and differentiation between natural infection and vaccination. Serological results showed that the first vaccination campaign during the winter of 2000/2001 did not provide full protection for all sheep and during the summer of 2001, 335 sheep flocks in Corsica were again infected by BTV 2 (7-fold more that in 2000). Entomological studies have demonstrated that the only proven vector of the disease, Culicoides imicola, was present in the island in 2000 and that it has successfully established itself in Corsica. The safety and immunogenicity of the commercial South African vaccine were studied. Fourteen sheep were vaccinated and then observed for clinical signs. Blood, sera, spleen and lymph nodes were collected and analyzed, and the results confirmed the safety and potency of using this vaccine to protect sheep from clinical disease. As a result, an intensive vaccination campaign was performed during winter and spring 2001/2002. No cases of BT had been observed by the end of summer 2002, indicating that the vaccination campaign has been successful in protecting sheep from infection.     

尼帕病毒流行病学研究进展

尼帕病是由副黏病毒科中的尼帕病毒引起的新型烈性人畜共患传染病,其严重威胁人类与猪等动物的健康。作者就尼帕病毒的病原学特征、流行病学和临床症状等进行了概述,以期初步了解尼帕病毒。     

小反刍兽疫病毒F蛋白抗原位点的克隆与表达

目的表达小反刍兽疫F蛋白的抗原位点用于检测与预防。方法用DNAStar分析小反刍兽疫的抗原位点,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,从病羊组织中PPRV的F基因的抗原位点并克隆到原核表达载体PET-28b中,最后用PCR、酶切和测序分析对重组质粒进行鉴定;将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta中,经ITPG诱导表达PPRVF基因的抗原位点;用SDS-PAGE和Western-Blotting分析抗原位点蛋白的表达。结果将RT-PCR产物电泳,得到与预期大小相符的特异性片段;对重组质粒PET-28b-F35-111(pZLW013)、PET-28b-F143-485(pZLW014)和PET-28b-F323-485(pZLW015)酶切后,均出现与预期相符的片段;DNA测序表明插入的片段的序列与小反刍兽疫F基因的抗原位点序列分别完全一致,其大小分别为251bp、1053bp和514bp;将重组表达的蛋白经SDS-PAGE和West-ern-Blotting分析,证明小反刍兽疫抗原位点F35-111没有表达、抗原位点F143-485和F323-485得到表达。结论成功表达了PPRVF基因的两段抗原位点蛋白,为日后检测与预防工作奠定了基础。     

不同宿主来源犬瘟热病毒的分离及致病相关基因序列分析

利用Vero-DST细胞从死亡犬、狐狸肺、脾内分离到4株犬瘟热病毒-CDV-TM-CC、CDV-Dog-SCh、CDV-Fox-SY、CDV-Fox-WF,在Vero-DST细胞上传5代没有细胞病变,5代细胞培养物经电镜、间接免疫荧光及PCR鉴定为阳性。与本实验室保存的CDV-Monkey-BJ进行基因测序,并对与致病相关的F蛋白、V蛋白进行分析,F蛋白分析5株毒具有6个潜在N-末端糖基化位点,与强毒株同源性在92%～99.7%,与疫苗株不高于93.3%,在F1亚基内有7个特有氨基酸位点,这可能与其对灵长类致病有关。V蛋白分析表明,其与强毒株同源性在94%～99.7%之间,而与疫苗株不高于93.3%,CDV-Monkey-BJ C272R突变使其Zn结合能力丧失。试验结果显示,所有分离株均为强毒株,不同宿主毒株序列存在差异,值得进一步研究。     

猪伪狂犬病毒H株gE基因的克隆及序列分析

参照已发表的扩增伪狂犬病毒gI和gE部分基因的PCR方法,合成了一对引物,以PRV H株细胞毒为模板,扩增出一条约850 bp的片段,并进行克隆和测序。然后与GenBank上国内外其它毒株gE基因进行核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分析,构建了遗传进化关系图。结果表明,PRV H株与其他15株PRV核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为 97.0%～99.2%和93.2%～98.5%,其中与SH株最近,分别为99.2% 和98.5%;进化树分析表明,该毒株与目前国内流行的毒株在同一进化分支内,与国外毒株分属不同分支,说明分离的H毒株与目前国内流行的毒株一致。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒gE抗体胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

以纯化的抗人红细胞单链抗体(ScFv)-猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE蛋白双功能融合蛋白为诊断抗原和胶体金标记物,以羊抗猪IgG包被硝酸纤维膜作为质控带,制作检测猪伪狂犬病毒gE抗体的双抗原胶体金试纸条。利用方阵滴定试验筛选出金标抗原最佳工作浓度为17.6μg,检测线诊断抗原最佳标记量为1.76μg,血清最佳稀释度为1∶10,作用时间15 min,与猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)、猪布鲁菌(Brucella)阳性血清和PRVgE缺失疫苗接种的猪免疫血清检测线均不出现红色条带,与PRV标准阳性血清反应检测线出现红色条带。试纸条操作简单,肉眼于15 min内可判定结果;试纸条在室温保存6个月,其特异性和敏感性没有明显变化;与美国IDEXX和法国LSI gE-ELISA抗体检测诊断试剂盒检测结果比较,1 164份猪血清的符合率均为90.55%。制备的胶体金试纸条具有操作简便、敏感性和特异性较高的特点,可用于PRV野毒感染的快速筛查。     

MDCC—MSB1培养基上清液中DNA活性的定性研究

将 Ｍ Ｄ Ｃ Ｃ Ｍ Ｓ Ｂ１ ４８ 小时培养物 １０００ｒ／ｍ ｉｎ 离心的上清液分别用 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 酶、 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 酶和蛋白酶 Ｋ 处理后,进行体外试验。结果表明,只有 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 酶处理后的上清液失去了体外抑制 Ｍ Ｄ Ｖ“８１４”增殖的作用。将该上清液 １００００ｒ／ｍ ｉｎ 离心所得的沉淀分别用上述酶处理后进行体内试验。结果表明,只有 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 酶处理的样品失去了体内促进 Ｍ Ｄ Ｖ 京１ 株致瘤的作用。同时,电泳分析结果证明,该上清液中确实存在 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ。     

减蛋综合征病毒末端片段的克隆及细胞内DNA重组

采用９～１０日龄非免疫鸭胚增殖的减蛋综合征病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）ＡＡ－２毒株,经差速离心法浓缩纯化后,提取病毒基因组ＤＮＡ。采用碱变性法除去病毒基因组共价结合的末端蛋白（ＴＰ）。用限制性内切酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ水解纯化的ＥＤＳＶ基因组ＤＮＡ。经低熔点琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,回收Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ片段。克隆到ｐＵＣ１９载体的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＳｍａⅠ双酶切位点及ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点上,经蓝白斑筛选和单、双酶切鉴定,获得了ｐＵＨＣ、ｐＵＨＤ、ｐＵＨＥ重组质粒,其中ｐＵＨＣ含有末端片段。将ＥＤＳＶＳａｌⅠ水解产生并回收的大片段与ｐＵＨＣ在９５℃水浴中变性,６５℃复性后,用钙离子介导法,共转染５０％～７０％的单层鸭胚成纤维细胞,转染后３６ｈ开始产生细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。４８ｈ后将病变细胞反复冻融,经尿囊腔接种９～１０日龄鸭胚,回收的尿囊液能凝集鸡红细胞,这种血凝性能被ＥＤＳＶ高免血清抑制,电镜下观察到腺病毒样颗粒。     

含PRRS病毒ORF5的伪狂犬病病毒TK基因缺失转移载体的构建

提取伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）ＢａｒｔｈａＫ６１株基因组ＤＮＡ,用限制性内切酶ＫｐｎＩ充分消化,回收５．９ｋｂ片段（Ｊ片段）,将其克隆于质粒ｐＵＣ１１９ ＫｐｎＩ位点上,获得ｐＢＫＪ。用两对针对ＰＲＶ ＴＫ基因的特异性引物对重组质粒进行ＰＣＲ鉴定,证明其中含有ＰＲＶ ＴＫ基因。然后用ＫｐｎＩ、ＰｓｔＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ等限制性内切酶对其进行酶切分析,确定了克隆片段的物理图谱。进一步研究证实ＴＫ基因位于其中的