不同水分管理条件下烤烟的生长及品质研究

在豫东烟区烟叶大田生育期年正常降雨条件下，根据当地烟农灌溉习惯，于旺长期及打顶期再补充总灌溉量960～1060m^3／hm^2的水分，有利于改善烟叶品质，提高单位面积产值、上等烟比例、均价及烟叶含钾量。在缺水干旱或过量灌溉条件下，烟叶品质及经济性状变差。     

封顶期与留叶数对白肋烟叶片组织结构的影响

试验用切片显微观察的方法研究在不同封顶期与留叶水平下各部位叶片组织结构的变化。结果表明,随着封顶期推后或留叶数增多,叶厚、栅厚、海厚、组织比、栅厚/叶厚和上、下表皮厚度及栅栏组织细胞宽度等都随之变薄变小,但现蕾封顶至初花封顶和留叶18片至21片的降幅较小,而初花期封顶至盛花期封顶与留叶21片至24片的降幅较大。封顶期对叶片组织结构的影响大于留叶数。生产上采用适时封顶合理留叶是改善叶片组织结构,增进烟叶产质量的重要措施。试验结果以初花期封顶,单株留叶21～22片较为适宜。     

Influence of Biopost and Organo upon Flue-cured Tobacco Grown on Semigley. II. Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaf and Changes in the Chemical Soil Complex

The paper deals with the results achieved in investigating the effects of biopost and organo, in comparison with stable manure and mineral fertilization as well as one with the other, on the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaf and on the changes in the chemical soil complex. Investigations were carried out on semigley in the central Drava Valley in Northern Croatia. While biopost is an organic fertilizer, organo is defined as an organic-mineral fertilizer since, in addition to an organic component, it also contains a mineral component. Both fertilizers affected the chemical composition of tobacco leaf, though they were applied in relatively small quantities. This was primarily reflected in a reduction of nicotine content and an increase in the content of reducing sugars in comparison with mineral fertilizing, though not always proportional to the rate applied. Here, biopost showed a certain advantage over organo.
The calcium content in tobacco leaf does not indicate any marked influence of the fertilizing treatments tested in the trial. Existence of such a relation seems more likely in the case of magnesium, while in the case of potassium, fertilizing with this bioelement had the crucial role with regard to its content in tobacco leaf.
As regards the changes in the chemical soil complex, the effect of the tested fertilizers, depending on the parameters studied, was either non-existent or very slight.     

烤烟合理群体结构和产质量形成规律的研究

研究结果表明：亩栽１２１２株的密度是烤烟优质适产的最佳群体结构指标，在该密度下其个体生长良好，根系发达，两个品种的单株叶面积分别为２．３７和１．８ｍ￣２／株，比对照增加３％；现蕾期的叶面积系数分别为２．５和３．３、成熟期为３．２和３．４；单叶重分别为９．６ｇ和９．１ｇ；亩产达１７３．３ｋｇ，均达到优质适产的各项生理指标。烟叶品质的主要成分，总糖为２０．１８％，还原糖为１５．２２％，全氮为１．５６％，施木克值２．０７％，均符合优质烟的标准。     

Ectopic expression of a maize pollen specific gene, zm401, results in aberrant anther development in tobacco

Our previous study shows that the maize zm401 cDNA is specifically expressed in maize pollens. This evidence suggests that zm401 likely functions in pollen growth and/or development. To confirm its possible involvement in pollen development, the full length cDNA of zm40l was ectopically expressed in tobacco plants under the control of a pollen specific promoter ZM13 (from maize). RT-PCR amplification demonstrated that the ZM13-driven zm401 gene was spatially expressed in tobacco pollens. It was found that all transgenic tobacco plants expressing zm401 showed various levels of sterility, ranging from abortive flower development to male sterility. Further analyses on anther development of transgenic plants indicated multiple abnormalities in the late stages of anther development. These abnormalities include lagged degradation of the tapetum and connective tissue, failed deposition of fibrous bands in endothecium cells, and aborted pollen grain development. These results strongly suggest that zm401 plays an essential role in anther development. However the exact functions of zm401 is still unclear, and further analysis of zm401 is required to determine the exact mechanism involved in anther development.     

绿色植物生长调节剂(GGR)在烤烟栽培上的试验初报

湖南是全国烤烟生产的重点地区，烤姻也是当地农民增收的主要项目。为此，湖南省林业科技推广总站及浏阳市林业技术推广站应用绿色植物生长调节剂在烤烟生产的不同阶段合理施用，提高烤烟的产量和质量，达到烟叶增产，农民增收的目的。     

不同肥料用量组合对烤烟产值的效应

选择氦、钾、饼肥作为决策变量，研究其对烤烟产值的影响。采用三因素水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计，获得了3个决策变量（Xi）与目标函数（Ya)相互关系的数学模型。分析其试验因素效应和交互作用，并通过计算机模拟寻优，优选出最佳施肥方案，即纯氮施用量为62.26-75.43kg/hm^2，纯钾施用量为191.91-222.02kg/hm^2，饼肥施用量为77.85-115.98kg/hm^2。     

VA系统诱导烟草对TMV抗性与细胞内防御酶系统的关系

枯斑三生烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.“Samsum”NN)经植物源抗病毒剂VA诱导处理后第7天(清水处理作对照)，在其长出的新叶上接种烟草花叶病毒(TMV)。结果表明，VA可以诱导枯斑三生烟对TMV产生系统抗性，其枯斑抑制率可达57．25％，枯斑出现时间推迟10h。超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POX)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)3种酶的活性均比对照明显提高，其中48h时增加幅度最大；VA处理使枯斑三生烟叶片内的丙二醛(MDA)含量降低，其中接种48h时降低幅度最大。此外，在接种TMV后的12h内，清水对照的枯斑三生烟新叶中POX和SOD活性呈下降趋势，PAL活性几乎无变化，随后呈上升趋势，而经VA处理的枯斑三生烟新叶中的POX、SOD和PAL，活性自接种后，一直呈上升趋势，且上升幅度也高于对照；MDA含量的变化与3种酶活性的变化呈相反趋势。     

延安市现代烟草农业建设与发展的思考

延安市现代烟草农业发展已初具规模,在论证出延安烟叶可持续发展必须坚持“发扬延安精神、做强延安烟草”、坚持“巩固、规范、创新、发展”的方针,运用现代科学技术和先进管理方法,确保延安烟叶持续、稳定、健康发展。