蚕卵冻干粉的免疫调节和延缓衰老的功能研究

以小鼠和果蝇为实验动物,探讨了蚕卵冻干粉的免疫调节和延缓衰老的功能。结果表明:50、100和300mg/kg剂量的蚕卵冻干粉对小鼠迟发性变态反应均有显著的影响,50mg/kg剂量可使小鼠血清溶血素HC50比对照组提高88%,碳廓吞噬指数提高15%,巨噬细胞吞噬比率提高65%,心肌脂褐质与对照组相比降低22%,肝脏SOD比活力提高16%;300mg/kg可使肝脏SOD活力提高28%;各剂量组均可延长果蝇的平均寿命,以100mg/kg最为显著。认为蚕卵冻干粉具有明显的免疫调节功能和延缓衰老作用。     

Ozone effects on dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence during plant development of wheat

In closed-chamber fumigation experiments dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat were studied, analysing the effects of ozone during different stages of plant development. Ozone causes enhanced leaf senescence, leading to a loss of green leaf area and, consequently to a decreased supply of assimilates, affecting (in increasing order of severeness) stem, ear and grain productivity because of reduced storage pools for translocation. Leaves of plants before shooting stage were most sensitive but the lack of green leaf area after ear emergence had the most pronounced effects on grain yield.Measurements of photochemical capacity showed that evidence for negative ozone effects could be found in changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaf sections not yet showing visible ozone injury. Negative effects on photosynthesis were more distinct with increasing accumulated ozone dose, with increasing age of leaf tissue and with increasing ozone sensitivity of the cultivar. The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence are most likely to be explained by a decreased pool size of plastoquinones caused by ozone.     

Regulation of Correlative Senescence in Arachis hypogaea L. by Source-Sink Alteration through Physical and Hormonal Means

Amongst the plants ( Arachis hypogaea ) subjected to differential reproductive manipulations, the leaf levels of chlorophyll and sugar and the dry weight of the aerial plants increased more (except sugar level in defruited plant) in the deflorated plants than either in the defruited or control plants, and the order of senescence was: control > defruited > deflorated. Seed yield per plant increased in deflorated plants as a result of increase in the number of pods (sink size) and reduction in the sink strength (seed wt per pod). While 75 % defoliation caused a decrease in all the parameters relating to senescence (chlorophyll, protein, reduced nitrogen, sugar and dry wt), 25% defoliation caused a slight decrease of chlorophyll level of leaf and aerial plant weight. However, the level of protein and reduced nitrogen in the leaf and sugar in the stem increased by the latter (through 25% defoliation). Defoliation up to 25% reduced seed yield by only 2%. Whereas the level of chlorophyll and aerial plant dry weight were not significantly changed by either kinetin or ABA, the level of protein and reduced nitrogen in the leaf and sugar level in both leaf and stem increased by kinetin. GA₃ increased almost all the parameters studied. All the three phytohormones increased the yield, mainly by increasing the sink size rather than the sink strength. It is concluded that the aerial flowers are more lethal than the underground fruits in inducing whole plant senescence where the leaf senescence is uncoupled from fruit maturation in normal condition possibly due to sink limitation.     

银杏叶片衰老与调节的生理生化变化

随着银杏叶片的自然衰老，叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性明显下降，质膜渗漏、过氧化物酶（POD）活性不断增大，用1mmol/L硫代硫酸银（STS）处理，可减缓叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性的下降，抑制过氧化物酶活性和质膜渗漏的增加，用10mmol/L的CaCl1溶液处理则具有相反的效应。     

雏鸡感染马立克氏病病毒后免疫器官组织抗体生成细胞的变化

以马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）感染１日龄肉用雏鸡，在感染后５、２５、４５ｄ采取法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺，用彩色免疫金银染色法检查免疫器官组织中ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化。结果：ＭＤＶ感染雏鸡的法氏囊、脾脏和哈德尔腺中以ＩｇＧ抗体生成细胞居多，ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞均较正常对照鸡显著减少；盲肠扁桃体中以ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞居多，ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞数量显著低于正常对照鸡。由此表明，ＭＤＶ感染鸡全身免疫器官和消化道、呼吸道局部粘膜体液免疫机能明显抑制。     

绵羊实验性硒过多症的研究Ⅱ.实验性硒过多症绵羊体内硒的含量、分布及其诊断价值的研究

对实验性硒过多症绵羊血液、被毛及组织硒含量作了测定,并探讨了血硒、毛硒及组织硒含量、分布对绵羊硒过多症的诊断价值。结果;血硒含量超过0.3006μg/ml是绵羊硒中毒的早期指征;中毒症状明显,血硒含量高于0.5347μs/ml,毛硒含量高于0.4042ppm,可诊断为绵羊硒过多症。毛硒含量变化缓慢,对于反映长时间内硒的积累情况和慢性硒中毒的诊断,其意义较大;血硒含量变化灵敏,对于反映近期内硒的代谢水平和急性硒中毒的诊断意义较大。绵羊硒过多症组织硒含量的分布顺序是:肾脏>肝>肺脏>心肌>脾脏>骨骼肌>大脑;健康对照羊组织硒含量的分布顺序是:肾脏>脾脏>肺脏>骨骼肌>肝>心肌>大脑;组织硒含量分布顺序的改变在绵羊硒过多症的诊断上具有重要的意义。组织病变的严重程度依次是肝脏>肾脏>心脏>肺脏>大脑>脾脏,其与组织硒含量的多少有关,还与组织对硒的敏感性及组织蓄积硒为变化幅度有关。     

Proteolysis in Flag Leaves of Wheat as Related to Different Levels and Timing of Nitrogen Supply

Senescence of wheat leaves is related to the increase of proteolytic activities and to lower photosynthetic performance. A good nitrogen fertilization management generally delays the senescence of the crop photosynthetic tissues; in environments without terminal water-stress this can improve crop yield and grain quality.
The effects of two N levels, 70 and 210 kg/ha and three side-dressing timings (at double ridge, stem elongation and anthesis) on proteolytic activities and carbon exchange rate (CER) in the flag leaf were investigated from anthesis to maturity; the cultivar was Saliente , a high quality, bread-making winter wheat and the site was near Udine, Northern Italy.
With high N level, endoprotease (pH 4.5) and carboxypeptidase (pH 5.5) activities increased up to the last sampling, while with low N these activities dropped earlier. Soluble protein decreased steadily, and its level was influenced by endoproteolytic activities. With high N, total chlorophyll content was degraded later if compared with low N treatment. The latest N side-dressing initially increased leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, but they did not exceed the levels of second side-dressing timing. This was related to an increased auto-proteolytic activity. Leaf carbon exchange rate decreased after anthesis; comparing the two N levels, only at the last measurement the N210 level obtained higher values.     

硼对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及其在组织器官中富集的研究

选择1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡210只 ,随机分为7组 ,每组3个重复 ,每个重复10只 ,分0～3周和4～6周两阶段饲养 ,在各组鸡饲粮中分别添加0、20、40、60、80、100、120mg/kg 含硼量的硼酸 (H3BO3),研究硼对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及其在组织器官中的富集情况。试验结果显示 :(1)饲粮中添加硼可提高肉仔鸡的增重 ,降低料肉比 (P<0.05) ,以60mg/kg硼效果最好 ,并且在0～3周龄使用效果更佳。(2)添加硼可显著提高血液、胸肌、肝脏和胫骨中的硼含量 (P<0.05) ,且骨硼含量显著高于胸肌和肝脏硼含量 (P<0.05) ,肝脏硼含量高于胸肌硼含量 ;硼添加水平分别与血硼、肝硼、胸肌硼、胫骨硼之间呈极显著正相关 (P<0.01) ,血硼与肝硼、胸肌硼、胫骨硼含量之间亦呈极显著的正相关 (P<0.01)。     

碧桃采后衰老生理的研究

通过对桃枝鲜重、水分平衡值、开花率、糖含量、蛋白质含量、丙二醛含量的测定,研究了撒金碧桃采后衰老的生理特性。结果表明:处理A3B3C2D1(150mg/LCA+600mg/LVC+68mg/LSTS+100g/L糖)对延缓撒金碧桃花枝的衰老有明显效果。A3B3C2D1的糖含量、蛋白质含量、鲜重与最低的相比分别高30%、22%、63%;而丙二醛含量与最高相比低47%;该处理的吸水能力强、开花率高。     

6天龄与10天龄大鼠的睾丸组织的基因差异表达

通过基因芯片技术,利用Roche-NimbleGen公司制作的大鼠12×135K全基因组表达谱芯片,对日龄为6d和10d的大鼠睾丸组织进行全基因组表达差异分析。结果显示：具有2倍以上的差异表达基因有4298个,其中表达上调的基因共1878个,表达下调的基因共2420个。这些差异表达的基因中有3154个基因具有基因本体注释,参与了154个生物学通路。进一步分析表明具有8倍以上差异表达的基因有13个,这些基因参与了生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能等基因本体分类,进一步选择3个差异表达的基因,LOC686076、Cxcl6和Trib3,做了实时定量RT-PCR检测。其结果趋势与芯片数据一致。因此,我们初步认为精原干细胞的发生与增殖在大鼠早期的发育过程中已经有大量的基因参与,是一个多基因协调表达的过程。