肥力对冬小麦顺序和非顺序衰老茎同化物积累和转运的影响

【目的】研究在适肥和高肥水平下,顺序和非顺序衰老茎顶三叶和地上器官同化物积累及转运特性,为阐明小麦叶片非顺序衰老的生理生化机制提供理论指导。【方法】以生育后期(05-16)非顺序衰老发生率较高的小麦品种温麦19、豫麦19和兰考矮早8为材料,设高肥(尿素225kg/hm2,磷酸二氢铵337kg/hm2,春季追施尿素112kg/hm2)和适肥(尿素150kg/hm2,磷酸二氢铵225kg/hm2,春季追施尿素75kg/hm2)2个肥力水平,在小麦扬花期(04-22)、叶色倒置现象发生时期(05-16)和成熟期,分别采集参试小麦品种正置茎和倒置茎,测定2个肥力水平下顶三叶的绿叶面积及其叶片、叶鞘、地上营养器官、穗和籽粒的干质量,比较正置茎和倒置茎顶三叶各指标的差异。【结果】在适肥和高肥条件下,参试小麦品种正置茎绿叶面积均表现为旗叶倒二叶倒三叶,而倒置茎绿叶面积表现为倒二叶旗叶倒三叶。正置茎旗叶干物质积累量与倒二叶接近,均大于倒三叶;倒置茎倒二叶干物质积累量显著大于旗叶和倒三叶。正置茎和倒置茎顶三叶叶鞘干物质积累量均表现为旗叶叶鞘倒二叶叶鞘倒三叶叶鞘。正置茎地上营养器官花前同化物转运量、转运率和对籽粒的贡献率均大于倒置茎,而正置茎地上营养器官花后同化物转运量和对籽粒的贡献率均低于倒置茎。倒置茎籽粒千粒质量均显著高于正置茎。与适肥水平相比,高肥水平可以延缓叶片衰老,增加营养器官干物质积累量,减少营养器官花前同化物向籽粒的转运,提高千粒质量。【结论】在高肥和适肥条件下,参试小麦品种均有叶片非顺序衰老的发生,且生育后期小麦叶片的非顺序衰老有利于籽粒的充实。     

小鼠RPL9基因克隆及组织表达差异性研究

根据已报道的小鼠核糖体蛋白L9基因( RPL9)序列设计PCR引物,克隆RPL9基因,并以β-actin为内参基因,采用相对荧光定量RT-PCR方法,检测、分析RPL9基因mRNA在小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑及脂肪7个组织中表达量的差异。结果表明,成功克隆出RPL9基因序列全长,该基因在小鼠的7个组织中均有不同程度的转录表达,其中,在脂肪中的表达量最高,在肾、脾和脑中的表达量较高,在心、肝中的表达量较低,在肺中表达量最低。     

RP-HPLC法测定鸡肉组织中的嘧菌酯残留量

利用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉组织中嘧菌酯杀菌剂残留量,色谱条件是Shim-pack VP-ODS 色谱柱,乙腈/水(75/25,V/V)溶液为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,检测波长225 nm.在该色谱条件下,嘧菌酯能较好地分离,在0.03～12.40 μg/mL(r=0.9994)的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.01μg/mL.结果表明,该法简便快速,可应用于实际鸡肉组织中嘧菌酯的测定.     

纹党和红芪加工废弃物活性多糖对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

为了研究陇南道地中药材纹党和红芪加工废弃物中活性多糖对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用,用低糖低脂饲料适应性喂养小鼠15 d,以剂量为500 mg·kg^-1颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖（D-galactose）溶液构建小鼠亚急性衰老模型。将建模成功的小鼠随机分为正常对照组、衰老模型组、纹党多糖（Codonopisis pilosula polysaccharides, CPP）、红芪多糖（Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharides ,CHP）剂量处理组和阳性（V_E170 mg·kg^-1）处理组。连续灌胃给药28 d,研究两种多糖对衰老小鼠体重及动物脏器指数、血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力变化以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化。经过测定,提取的纹党多糖和红芪多糖得率分别为16.52%和13.96%,纯度为 99.65%和99.38%,剂量在400 mg·kg^-1时纹党多糖对衰老小鼠治疗效果明显优于红芪多糖,其心脏和脾脏指数、血清中的SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力均高于模型组,血清中的MDA含量均低于模型组,对衰老小鼠具有缓解体重下降的作用。结果表明,纹党多糖和红芪多糖均能提高衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用,且纹党多糖和红芪多糖联用后抗氧化和抗衰老能力最好。     

烤烟不同水分条件下成熟期叶片植物学特性

以烤烟品种K326为材料,对成熟期不同水分条件下叶片植物学特性进行研究.结果表明:随土壤含水量的降低,气孔密度增加,气孔开度减小;同部位烟叶叶片增厚,栅栏组织加厚,海绵组织变薄,单位长度栅栏组织细胞数目增多,细胞变细、变长,排列更加紧密,栅栏组织发达,有利于进行光合作用.对于不同部位的烟叶,随部位的升高,叶片和栅栏组织都增厚,栅栏组织细胞和细胞数目均增大.因此生产上合理调控成熟期烟田土壤水分,控制叶片厚度,是提高烟叶质量的重要途径.     

氮素水平对不同穗型水稻品种植株衰老和产量的影响

在大田条件下，研究了两种氮素水平对直、弯穗水稻品种植株生长、叶片衰老和产量的影响。结果表明，高氮条件下两品种的朱粗度和叶片性状均优于低氮条件。增施氮肥能提高剑叶的叶绿素含量，延长叶绿素含量缓降期，使植株在生育后期能保持较高的绿叶面积；同时能提高剑叶的全氮含量，延长光合速率高值持续期，增加植株的干物质积累和籽粒产量。在同一氮素水平下，直立穗型品种的植株粗度、剑叶活力、籽粒灌浆速率、千粒重、生物产量及籽粒产量均略优于弯曲穗型品种。     

Inhibition of postharvest senescence of green leafy vegetables by exogenous D-cysteine and L-cysteine as precursors of hydrogen sulphide

Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) inhibits senescence in harvested fruit and vegetables but presents logistical, safety and regulatory issues to become a commercial treatment. D-cysteine and L-cysteine are semi-essential amino acids that are metabolised to hydrogen sulphide by plant tissues albeit by different pathways. This paper examines the effect of cysteine on postharvest senescence of three green leafy vegetables. Spraying pak choy leaves with 10 mmol D-cysteine, L-cysteine or DL-cysteine inhibited leaf senescence through a delayed loss of green colour expressed as market life, reduced respiration rate and reduced ethylene production. The beneficial effects of cysteine were similar to those achieved by fumigation with hydrogen sulphide. L-cysteine sprays on parsley and peppermint leaves also showed reduced leaf colour loss and respiration compared to untreated leaves. Cysteine, either as the racemate or individual enantiomers, is considered to have commercial potential for green leafy vegetables as it provides the beneficial effect of hydrogen sulphide but should be easier to register for commercial use due to the GRAS status of L-cysteine.     

超高产水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的关系

 对超高产水稻培矮64S/9311和协优9308从抽穗到籽粒成熟过程中剑叶中H2O2 、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、组织自动氧化速率、脂氧合酶（LOX）及保护酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASP）的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明，协优9308的剑叶衰老较慢。2个材料的剑叶叶片衰老可能原因是叶片内SOD、CAT、ASP活性过早下降，LOX活性增加，进而导致膜脂过氧化，使活性氧代谢失调，引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解，培矮64S/9311的各项生理指标比协优9308早衰老，而且乳熟期是培矮64S/9311早衰的关键时期。     

A comparison of the fatty acid profiles of adult tissues,and newly hatched,fed and starved Lysmata amboinensis larvae

This study evaluated the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) profile of the hepatopancreas, ovaries and tail muscle of Lysmata amboinensis broodstock, as well as newly hatched larvae subjected to a period of starvation or feed from hatch to Zoea 2. The hepatopancreas had a high lipid content, confirming its role as a process and storage organ in L. amboinensis. Lipids were also a major component of ovarian dry weight, in agreement with reports on other crustaceans during maturation. The tail muscle, being a functional rather than a storage organ, contained low total lipids and was the tissue that closely resembled the FA profile of the newly hatched larvae. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were the most abundant components of the lipid profiles in broodstock and larvae. The HUFAs docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic were preferentially retained during nutritional stress, confirming their importance for marine cleaner shrimp during early larval development. It appeared polyunsaturated fatty acid and HUFA requirements were met through the larval diet. The SFAs stearic and palmitic were abundant in adult tissues and larvae, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids may have been preferentially catabolized to meet energetic and metabolic larval requirements.