Water Extractable Trace Elements in Poultry Litters and Granulated Products

Poultry litter contains many trace elements such as As, Cu, and Zn, and its land application may lead to the accumulation of these elements in soils, especially near the soil surface. The objectives of this study were to determine the total amount of trace elements and evaluate the effect of litter granulation and various litter to water extraction ratios on water extractable trace elements in 8 raw and granulated litter products. Granulated litters that contained urea, dicyandiamide, or hydrolyzed feathermeal had significantly lower contents of total As, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn than untreated litters because of the dilution of litters with additives. Trace element concentrations (mg/L) in the water extracts of the various poultry litters generally decreased when extraction ratios (litter to water) shifted from 1:10 to 1:250, or as the amount of poultry litter decreased with a constant water volume (200 mL). But, the water extractable content of trace metals (mg/kg) generally increased from an extraction ratio of 1:10 to 1:200, with values similar at 1:200 and 1:250 extraction ratios. Based on our results, we suggest using a 1:200 extraction ratio when evaluating water extractable As, Cu, and Zn in poultry litters. The estimated land application rates of trace metals, when poultry litter is applied on the basis of total P content, were considerably lower than the trace metal loadings allowable under the current environmental regulations governing biosolids and other materials with measurable amounts of trace metals. The laboratory water extractions of poultry litters and granulated products have increased our understanding of the potential risks to water quality posed by the land application of poultry litter and will contribute to the development of base knowledge needed to define land application practices that are protective of soil and water quality.     

基于文献统计分析桑树研究的进展

通过对国内外各大数据库中桑树相关文献量的计量,对桑树的研究状况进行了分析。结果显示,桑叶作为家蚕饲料的传统农业模式已被打破,现已转向涉及医药、食品与保健等领域的多元化发展的桑树资源综合开发利用模式。其中,对桑树活性物质的研究由生物碱类物质转向多酚类物质和多糖类物质,桑树的抑制肿瘤和抗癌活性逐渐被重视,国内研究者对桑树的研究深度及影响力逐年提高。该结果可为桑树资源的进一步研究提供一定的参考。     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对VAMV感染雏鸡实质器官中LPO含量的影响

ＡＡ雏鸡３日龄感染禽成髓细胞性白血病病毒（ＶＡＭＶ）的ＢＡＩ－Ａ株,实质器官肝、心和肾中原有组织被骨髓性肿瘤组织取代。感染雏鸡分组同时给予黄芪多糖和香菇多糖,不仅降低禽髓细胞性白血病（ＡＭＢ）的发病率和死亡率,而且在此后３周内提高上述器官内ＬＰＯ含量,清除肿瘤细胞作用明显加强,其中各实质器官中ＬＰＯ含量通过给予黄芪多糖在１０日龄升高,而给予香菇多糖则分别在１０日龄和２４日龄２次升高。     

高钙日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及出壳雏体内锌含量的影响

生长期日粮钙>3.11%,可使蛋鸡性成熟期明显延缓,开产日龄推迟;其蛋锌及子代出壳雏血锌和多数组织锌含量明显降低,但胚胎及出壳雏鸡未见畸变.出壳雏血锌含量能反映体内锌状态,可作为其评价指标.产蛋期高钙(6.11%)或低钙(0.83%)日粮均可使产蛋性能及孵化率降低.     

奶牛的有机锌应用效果研究进展

就有机锌对奶牛的营养作用效果、影响有机锌作用效果的因素进行综述。认为添加有机锌可提高奶牛的产奶性能、免疫机能、繁殖性能,改善体健康。同时影响有机锌作用效果的因素有:有机锌的产品质量、添加量和添加时期、饲料营养水平、参照物类型和评价指标等。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定奶粉中锌的含量

采用原子吸收光谱法测定多种品牌奶粉中锌的含量,对干法消化奶粉所用混合酸的组成、比例等试验条件进行了研究,其最佳样品处理条件为:硝酸-高氯酸(4+1)作为溶解用酸,1 mol/L盐酸作为定容用酸,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%.     

ZD制剂对马肢蹄软组织损伤部位肌组织形态及VEGF和bFGF表达的影响

ZD制剂为治疗马非开放性软组织损伤的经典验方,为探索其作用机制,通过建立马前肢急性软组织损伤模型,对其进行组织形态学观察,评价ZD制剂对马急性软组织损伤的作用效果,采用免疫组织化学方法检测ZD制剂对VEGF、bFGF在肌肉中表达的影响。用20匹蒙古马随机分为4组,选取左前肢肩部臂部肌肉,制造急性软组织损伤模型。于造模前、后用取样器进行组织取样,制作成石蜡切片,观察其形态学变化,用免疫组织化学方法对阳性细胞分析VEGF、bFGF的表达。结果表明,试验药物组在损伤后的修复能力优于阳性药物组和阴性对照组。表明ZD制剂可通过促进成纤维细胞、毛细血管新生和肌细胞的生成来进行组织的修复再生,试验药物组在损伤后VEGF、bFGF的表达优于阴性对照组和阳性药物组,ZD制剂可能通过提高VEGF、bFGF的表达进行损伤的修复。     

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND DOPPLER DIAGNOSIS: FIRST CASE OF ATRIAL SEPTAL ANEURYSM IN A CAT

A 6-year-old female cat developed pleural and abdominal effusion. Cardiac ultrasound and 2D color tissue Doppler imaging revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy with severe biatrial dilatation and hypertension. This cardiomyopathy was associated with atrial septal aneurysm and a patent foramen ovale. The atrial septal aneurysm involved the entire atrial septum. Necropsy and histological examination confirmed all these findings. ASA is a rare malformation and, as in this cat, it generally occurs concomitantly with congenital or acquired heart disease and may be explained by greater pressure in one atrium, leading to controlateral protrusion of the atrial septum.