番木瓜组织培养概况

概述了近年来国内外番木瓜组织培养技术研究进展,并对番木瓜组织培养中影响因素、存在问题及今后发展进行了探讨。     

草菇床栽料面保湿对菌丝生长和生物效率的影响

在西双版纳6～7月,对草菇菇房空间及菇床料面的喷雾温水保湿试验结果:喷30～45℃温水可保持料面湿润,促进培菌期草菇菌丝生长,促进出菇,不影响幼菇蕾生长,喷温水后菇产量为对照(菇床料面不喷温水)的280%～332%。     

驱蚊香草的组织培养技术

利用驱蚊香草茎段进行组织培养,研究了添加在培养基中不同激素组成、浓度、培养条件等因素对不定芽诱导、继代增殖、防止玻璃化以及生根的影响.结果表明:适于驱蚊香草不定芽诱导的培养基为MS 6-BA1.5 mg/L NAA0.05 mg/L,适于继代增值的培养基为MS 6-BA1.5 mg/L NAA0.05mg/L,适于生根的培养基为配方为1/2MS IBA0.5mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L;用透气设施的封口材料明显地降低驱蚊香草的玻璃化;基质培养基生根优于琼脂培养基.     

Pine growth response to management of the subterranean clover understory

Management of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) understory grown with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) resulted in differences in both clover yield and pine diameter. Loblolly and slash pines were planted into a subterranean clover pasture in 1984. Suppression of warm season herbaceous vegetation by applying herbicides or disking the site in late summer resulted in significantly greater subterranean clover production than on the control site where no additional understory management was applied. Pine species had no effects on clover yield. The N content of the pine foliage on the blocks managed with herbicide application or disking generally was significantly greater than the control from the 5th through 7th growing seasons (1988–1990). The dbh of the pine trees in the disked and herbicide treatments was greater than the control after the 7th growing season (1990).     

果树组织培养中褐化现象的研究进展

介绍了果树植物组织培养褐变的发生机理，发生褐变的主要果树种类，综述了近年来果树植物组织培养中参与褐变现象的酚类物质、酚氧化酶以及多种影响因素的研究进展。     

Comparative study on antioxidative system in normal and vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture

To explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of the occurrence of vitrified shoots of Populus suaveolens in tissue culture, the changes in water, chlorphyll, lignin, H₂O₂, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malonaldehyde (MDA), protective enzymatic systems, and some key enzymes involved in the ascorbate- glutathione cycle were comparatively studied in both normal and vitrified shoots of P. suaveolens. The results show that the lower activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and PAL, and the less contents of chlorphyll, lignin, ascorbate (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the lower ratios of ASA / DHA and GSH / GSSG are observed in vitrified shoots than in normal ones during the whole culture period. While in comparison with normal shoots, the higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the more concentrations of water, H₂O₂, MDA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are found in vitrified shoots. Statistical analysis indicates that the enhanced activity of SOD and the decreased activities of CAT and POD as well as some enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle might be closely correlated to the accumulation of H₂O₂. The less regeneration of ASA and GSH and the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle observed in vitrified shoots might be due to a significant decrease in APX, MDAR, DHAR and GR activities and a decline in redox status of ASA and GSH. The decreases in chlorphyll content might result in a decline in photosynthesis. The lower activities of POD and PAL could result in the decrease of lignin synthesis and cell wall ligination, which might be the key factor leading to the increase in water content. It is concluded that the deficiency of detoxification capacity caused by the lower capacity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and the decreased activity of protective enzymatic system might lead to the large accumulation of H₂O₂ and the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation, which might be the main cause leading to the occurrence of vitrifying shoots of P. suaveolens in tissue culture. [Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271093) and the Foundation of State-designated Base for Biology Researching and Teaching in Beijing Forestry University]     

红叶石楠组培苗瓶外生根技术研究

以苗龄为40 d的红叶石楠组培继代芽苗为瓶外生根试验材料,采用多因素正交试验设计研究不同栽培基质、不同激素、不同激素浓度处理及处理时间对红叶石楠继代芽苗瓶外生根诱导的影响,继代芽苗扦插前的不同炼苗方式及扦插后施肥方式对芽苗瓶外生根率的影响。结果表明:A3B1C3D2组合(珍珠岩、生根粉ABT 200 mg.L-1浸泡处理30 min)获得59%瓶外生根率,而A3B1C1D2(珍珠岩、ABT 50 mg.L-1浸泡处理30 min)为最理想的组合;芽苗在自然散射光下炼苗15~20 d,生根率可提高到81%;栽后适时追施营养液有利于芽苗的高生长。继代芽苗瓶外生根技术的应用减少组培苗培养工序,促进红叶石楠的组培快繁效率,降低组培苗的生产成本。     

西洋百合“卢浮宫”的组培技术研究

以鳞片为外植体、MS为基本培养基,以不同激素成分及不同质量浓度水平下诱导西洋百合"卢浮宫"的小鳞茎状突起,进行组培试验。结果表明:"卢浮宫"百合的诱导以取其完整的鳞片为外植体、并以鳞片背部突起处紧贴于MS 6 BA2 0mg·L-1 NAA0 2mg·L-1的培养基上诱导效果为最好。"卢浮宫"百合的诱导是由外植体(鳞片)产生小鳞茎状突起而分化成苗的,并不经愈伤组织分化产生。筛选出的最佳继代增殖培养基为MS 6 BA0 7mg·L-1 IBA0 3mg·L-1,生根培养基为1 2MS 6 BA0 3mg·L-1 IBA0 7mg·L-1。移植基质选择河泥和珍珠岩(体积比7∶3)混合,成活率达98%。     

尾叶桉组织培养快速繁殖的研究

以顶芽或茎段为外植体 ,通过 4种基本培养基和生长调节剂不同浓度组合的对比试验 ,筛选出最佳增殖培养基为B1+2 0mg·L-16 -BA +1 0mg·L-1NAA ,生根培养基为B2 +0 5mg·L-1ABT1号。移栽基质选择红心土。     

黄竹细胞悬浮培养和原生质体分离*

以牡竹属黄竹（ＤｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｍｅｍｂｒａｎｃｅｕｓＭｕｎｒｏ）的竹节及无菌苗根颈为外植体，培养于含有５ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ、０．２ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ和２００ｍｇ／ＬＬＨ的ＭＳ培养基上诱导愈伤组织，然后移至相同成份或不同浓度２，４－Ｄ的液体培养基中，进行悬浮培养，以建立分散性良好的悬浮细胞系。利用悬浮细胞和无菌苗叶片经酶解获大量原生质体，其产量分别约为每克鲜重２．５×１０５个和５×１０５个，活力均可达８０％。