The use of a real-time PCR primer/probe set to observe infectivity of Yersinia ruckeri in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), a common pathogen affecting aquaculture facilities and implicated in large losses of cultured fish. Fisheries scientists continue to gain a greater understanding of the disease and the pathogen by investigating methods of identification and pre- and post-infection treatment. In this study, a real-time PCR probe set for Y. ruckeri was developed to detect daily changes in the bacterial load during pathogen challenges. Two species of fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to two strains of Y. ruckeri (Hag and SC) during bath challenges. A subset of fish was killed daily for 14 days, and the kidney tissue was biopsied to enumerate copies of pathogen DNA per gram of tissue. While Chinook exposed to either the Hag or SC strains exhibited similar pathogen loads, those exposed to the Hag strain displayed higher mortality (～66%) than fish exposed to the SC strain (～24% mortality). Steelhead exposed to the Hag strain exhibited a greater pathogen load and higher mortality (～42%) than those exposed to the SC strain (<1% mortality). Steelhead challenged with either strain showed lower pathogen loads than Chinook. The study illustrates the efficacy of the probe set to enumerate Y. ruckeri bacterial growth in the kidneys of fish. Also, strains of Y. ruckeri display species-specific growth patterns that result in differential mortality and pathogen load.     

连环湖他拉红泡水质监测与分析

报道了2007年5～9月连环湖他拉红泡(卡拉白鱼放养场)的水质季节变化动态.结果表明:该水域水质基本处于良好壮况.其透明度22～35cm,pH值为8.00～8.84cm,硬度为1.269～3.359mmolL-1以及碱度为6.856～9.618mmolL-1.水呈碱性,水型属碳酸盐类,镁组Ⅰ型(CImg)和软水.水中COD含量为8.56～11.36 mgL-1.主要营养元素--总氮略低于黑龙江湖泊总氮含量,其总氮为0.490～0.824 mgL-1,磷酸盐量适中,总磷含量为0.369～0.498 mgL-1,属于中富-富营养型湖泊.湖水中多数理化组分在季节分布上差异不明显,个别测定值在5月(枯水期)较高,9月(平水期)出现回落.本文对湖泡的水质理化特征及营养状况进行了讨论和评价,为盐碱水域的渔业资源开发和利用提供了科学依据.     

Automated image analysis as a tool to quantify the colour and composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) cutlets

The goal of this paper is to propose and evaluate automated image analysis methods for describing muscle cutlets in rainbow trout. The proposed automated image analysis methods were tested on a total of 983 scanned images of trout cutlets, and included quality traits such as fat percentage, flesh colour and the size of morphologically distinguishable subparts of the cutlet. A sub-sample of 50 images was randomly selected for manual segmentation of the cutlet, the dorsal fat depot and the red muscle and regions. The identification of these regions by manual and automatic image analysis correlated strongly (r = 0.97, r = 0.95 and r = 0.91, respectively). The estimated fat percentage obtained from image analysis, based on the area of visible fat and the colour of the cutlet flesh, correlated well with chemical fat percentage measured by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy (MIT) (r = 0.78). The automated image analysis methods are therefore a reliable means of predicting the fat percentage of trout cutlets. Principal component analysis (PCA) loading plots were used to identify subsets of variables from the image analysis of special significance for further studies; cutlet area, dorsal fat depot area, red muscle area, back height, cutlet width, and width of left and right abdomen wall were among the variables selected. PCA loading plots of different colour variables indicated that simple statistical coefficients such as percentiles and mean values can be used to quantify different aspects of flesh colour. In conclusion, the methods presented here provide a powerful toolbox for describing important morphological structures and quality traits of trout cutlets.     

三沙湾海域化学需氧量（COD）分布特征及相关性分析

2012年5月和11月对三沙湾海域水质化学需氧量( COD)进行大面积调查研究,结果表明,2012年三沙湾海域COD含量变化范围为0．52~2．13 mg/L,平均含量为0．94 mg/L;水平分布特征呈西北侧向东南水域逐渐递减的趋势,白马港海域COD含量最高;秋季高于春季;平均COD含量能达到一类海水水质标准要求;化学需氧量与活性硅酸盐、无机氮、总氮及悬浮物呈极显著正相关;与pH值、盐度呈极显著负相关。     

厚壳贻贝5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)基因克隆和时空表达

为探究5-羟色胺2A受体（5-HT 2A receptor, 5-HT2AR）基因在海水贝类生长发育中的作用,本研究通过RACE技术和实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）克隆了厚壳贻贝5-HT2AR 基因的cDNA全长,并分析该基因的时空表达。结果显示,5-HT2AR基因全长2 636 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）2 124 bp,共编码707个氨基酸。序列分析结果显示该序列与人、小鼠、斑马鱼、长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝等物种分别具有45%、45%、48%、49%和67%的同源性。厚壳贻贝雌雄成体各组织和器官中均有5-HT2AR基因表达,雄性中的鳃表达量最高,而在雌性鳃、外套膜和性腺中的表达稍高于其他组织和器官;推测该基因可能与厚壳贻贝的摄食、对外界环境的感知及促进卵母细胞成熟有关。5-HT2AR基因在厚壳贻贝各发育阶段均有表达,且稚贝的表达量为眼点幼虫的1.4倍,推测5-HT2AR基因可能参与了调控厚壳贻贝幼虫的生长发育过程。本研究为进一步了解5-HT基因家族在双壳贝类中的功能奠定了基础。     

安徽省油菜循环经济发展研究——基于博弈分析视角

基于博弈理论,研究政府和农户在发展油菜循环经济博弈中的行为策略,求解博弈的纳什均衡解,在归纳并分析均衡约束条件的基础上,探讨安徽省发展油菜循环经济的政策环境、发展路径和机制。研究表明,安徽省发展油菜循环经济,政府的宣传推动和扶持补贴是重要的前提和基础,农户参与循环经济获得较高的经济收益是稳定发展的首要约束条件。     

两个三角帆蚌选育品系珍珠层颜色与外壳色L*a*b*值及其相关性分析

运用色差仪获得了两个三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)选育品系珍珠层颜色与外壳色的颜色参数L、a和b值,对各颜色参数进行了相关分析和回归分析,探索珍珠层颜色与外壳色之间的相关性。结果显示"紫皇后"珍珠层颜色与外壳后部颜色具有相关性,它们的L、a和b值均显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.456、0.371和-0.426,建立了"紫皇后"珍珠层对外壳后部各颜色参数的回归方程为L:y=80.49-0.53x(R~2=0.208),a:y=3.60+0.21x(R~2=0.137),b:y=4.69-0.35x(R~2=0.181);"白贵妃"珍珠层颜色与外壳后部颜色的L、a和b值显著或极显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.444、0.477和-0.390,表明"白贵妃"珍珠层颜色与外壳后部颜色显著相关,建立珍珠层对外壳后部各颜色参数的回归方程分别为L:y=87.36-0.21x(R~2=0.197),a:y=-1.77+0.23x(R~2=0.228),b:y=2.10-0.22x(R~2=0.152)。通过逐步判别分析获得了外壳色的2个参数(b和a),并构建了区分2个选育品系的判别函数:"紫皇后"的判别公式为YQ=1.786X1-0.384X2-4.440,"白贵妃"的判别公式为YW=0.321 X1+0.600 X2-4.763,综合判别率达90.0%。显示2个选育品系的外壳色差异非常明显,可通过判别分析进行可靠的区分。结果表明,对三角帆蚌外壳色的量化分析,可以对内部的珍珠层颜色进行可靠区分并进行量化推断。     

6个不同地理湖泊中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肌肉组织氨基酸组成、营养评分及其差异性分析

为探究江苏省长荡湖、固城湖、高邮湖、洪泽湖、太湖、阳澄湖6个不同地理湖泊中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)群体的氨基酸组成及其对应的营养品质评价,本研究采用OPA-FMOC柱前衍生化HPLC法测定中华绒螯蟹肌肉组织中氨基酸组成及含量,并根据联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)标准对其进行...     

环境与摄食对山东省近海鱼礁区不同体长许氏平鲉分布的影响

为研究环境与摄食因素对人工鱼礁区不同体长许氏平鲉分布的影响,采用2017—2018年山东省近岸3处鱼礁区环境和渔业资源的调查数据,利用变异系数CV均值将样本的体长分为10组,每组体长间隔为33 mm,并使用Bray-Curtis相似性指数比较不同海域许氏平鲉体长组成的相似性;运用去趋势对应分析(DCA)、典范对应分析(CCA)分析各环境要素对不同体长组许氏平鲉分布的影响;运用胃含物分析法分析许氏平鲉的食物组成。结果显示,西霞口与长岛鱼礁区样本体长组成相似性指数为70.66%,前三岛鱼礁区与西霞口鱼礁区、长岛鱼礁区的相似性指数较低,分别为54.94%和59.46%;大体长(299～365mm)许氏平鲉的分布与水深、水质指数(WQI)和化学需氧量(COD)相关性较大,喜好水深较深、营养丰富的水域;小体长(35～200 mm)许氏平鲉喜好水深较浅,水质好的水域。大体长(200～365 mm),高龄(2～3龄)的个体主要摄食鱼类、虾类和蟹类,优势饵料为鱼类(IRI为65.94%);小体长(35～200 mm),低龄(0～1龄)的个体主要摄食虾类和蟹类,优势饵料为虾类(IRI为45.69%)。研究表明,在浅水区域投放幼鱼保护型鱼礁,为幼鱼提供庇护所;将捕捞作业集中在深水区,减少对许氏平鲉小体长个体的兼捕,可以达到针对性增殖、保护许氏平鲉资源的目的。