Upstream passage of fish through a vertical-slot fishway in an Australian subtropical river

The effectiveness of a vertical-slot fishway on the Burnett River barrage for facilitating migration of fish was assessed. In 100 samples taken at the top and bottom of the fishway, over 52 000 fish representing 34 species were collected at a maximum rate of 4500 fish per day. In contrast, less than 2000 fish ascended the original pool-and-weir fishway in 128, 24 h samples at the top between 1984 and 1987. Juvenile size classes dominated the abundance of many species in the present study and fish between 24 and 930 mm in length ascended the vertical-slot fishway. However, passage of small fish was restricted and for new fishways on tidal barriers a further reduction in head loss between pools is recommended. Importantly, the width of the vertical-slots was too small for effective upstream passage of large Queensland lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft). The greatest diversity of fish species was found during low river flows. The findings suggest that vertical-slot fishways with wide pools and low turbulence pass a diverse range of fish fauna present in subtropical coastal rivers.     

Distribution and feeding of juvenile Pacific salmon in freshwater tidal creeks of the lower Fraser River, British Columbia

Abstract This study examined juvenile salmonid use of a freshwater tidal creek system draining a wetland on the floodplain of the lower Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Chum, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), chinook, O. tshawytscha (Walbaum), and sockeye, O. nerka (Walbaum), salmon fry were abundant in the tidal creeks in spring. The fry were found in non-natal habitat up to 1.5 km from the main channel of the river. The salmon fry ate dipteran adults, larvae and pupae, cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods, and Collembola. Mysids Neomysis mercedis Holmes (Walbaum), and amphipods, Crangonyx richmondensis occidentalis (Hubricht and Harrison), were also consumed. The upper reaches of an undisturbed creek were the winter rearing habitat for presmolt coho salmon, O. kisutch (Walbaum), where this species ate dipteran pupae and larvae as well as a freshwater isopod, Asellus communis Say (Walbaum).     

Relationships between short-term variations in density of juvenile yellowfin goby <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthogobius flavimanus</Emphasis> and environmental variables on an estuarine mudflat

Weekly variations in density of juvenile yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus with a variety of environmental variables (e.g. water temperature, salinity and transparency, and prey density) were investigated on a tidal mudflat within the Tama River estuary, central Japan, from March to July 2001. Metamorphosing newly settled juveniles occurred from mid-March to late May. Metamorphosed benthich juveniles first appeared in late March, the density sharply increasing to a peak (67.0 ind./m²) in early May but rapidly decreasing to less than 10% of that two weeks later. No consistent relationships were apparent between short-term variations in fish density by developmental stages and water temperature, or salinity. In contrast, a weak negative relation was found between juvenile density and water transparency. Further, benthic juvenile density was positively related to short-term fluctuations of errant polychaetes, which is one of the main prey items.     

钱塘江年极值高潮位的灰色拓扑预测

[目的]为了研究钱塘江年极值高潮位的预测难题,提高预测的精度。[方法]以钱塘江澉浦水文站为例,根据澉浦水文站1951~2002年极值高潮位的时间序列进行特征分析,选取一组阈值,建立对应阈值下时间序列的GM(1,1)模型群,经过后验差和小误差概率方法检验后,对未来的年极值高潮位进行预测。利用2003~2014年极值高潮位对模型的预测结果进行检验,最后对2015~2021年极值高潮位进行预测。[结果]该模型预测值与实测值相吻合,具有较高的精度。[结论]该研究可为相关部门的潮灾准确预报提供一定的理论依据。     

不同灌溉方式对设施樱桃番茄生长及品质的影响

【目的】筛选樱桃番茄无土栽培的最佳灌溉方式,为设施无土栽培樱桃番茄的水肥精准管理提供理论依据。【方法】以高糖樱桃番茄为材料,椰糠为栽培基质,在环境条件一致的情况下,设置不同的灌水方式,测定番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、鲜重、干重、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、光合速率等指标,研究不同灌溉方式对设施无土栽培樱桃番茄形态、品质、产量及光合作用的影响。【结果】各处理对樱桃番茄生长、产量及品质的影响不尽相同,其中,滴灌与潮汐式灌溉相结合的灌溉方式处理的樱桃番茄果形指数、果实品质、光合参数、产量最佳,其各指标要优于滴灌与潮汐式的灌溉方式。【结论】滴灌与潮汐式灌溉相结合的灌溉方式最有利于无土栽培的樱桃番茄生长。     

渤海潮汐潮流的数值研究

基于POM数值模式构建了区域为(117.5°E~122.5°E,37°N~41°N)水平分辨率为2.5'的潮波数值模式,模拟了渤海M2、S2、K1、O14个主要分潮。模拟结果与19个验潮站观测资料拟合较好。渤海潮汐以半日潮为主,M2分潮占主导地位,渤海沿岸及海湾顶潮差大,中央海区潮差小;潮流以半日潮流为主,M2分潮潮流最强,最大流速达到96 cm/s,在渤海中央海域潮流呈现为旋转流,在海湾多为往复流,最大可能潮流流速存在3个强流区,分别为:老铁山水道及北侧海域、长岛和黄河口附近海域。     

长江口盐通量估算的数值模拟研究

基于三维数值模式ECOM,建立了长江口以及近岸海域的水动力耦合盐度数值模式。该模式考虑了移动潮滩边界和深水航道等地形特点。计算结果与实测值比较符合良好,较好地放映了长江口区域盐度场的时空分布特点。模式模拟长江口盐水入侵的三维特征,表层盐度较低而底层盐度较高。利用此模式计算了2003年2月枯季大、小潮时期,在长江口代表性的断面处2个连续潮周期内的盐通量情况。2月1-2日大潮期间北支SEC01、SEC02断面分别为3333600t、957600t,崇头SEC03、SEC04断面分别为-270000t、-71640t,南支SEC05、SEC06断面分别为1364400t、1512000t;2月7-8日小潮期间北支SEC01、SEC02断面分别为205200t、82800t,崇头SEC03、SEC04断面分别为-36360t、-12960t,南支SEC05、SEC06断面分别为309600t、28800t。计算结果显示长江口枯季大、小潮期间盐量变化明显,枯季大潮时期外海向长江口区域输送了巨量的盐分,盐水直接入侵十分明显。此计算结果可为以后在长江口建立相应的挡咸蓄淡工程方案提供重要的科学依据。     

潮流区电厂取排水口泥沙试验方法及输运规律研究

为研究潮流区泥沙运动对电厂冷却水取排水影响,提供电厂取排水口防沙设计依据,基于潮流物理模型及泥沙模型相似关键条件,结合程序控制生潮系统,构建物理模型对电厂取排水进行泥沙试验研究。试验研究了在典型潮流、典型洪水及频率洪水3种工况下,某电厂取排水口附近水域及床面泥沙运动规律,分析泥沙运动对电厂取排水的影响,并依此对电厂取排水口形式进行优化。成果及方法可为在潮流区复杂流态下泥沙规律研究提供参考。     

一种无人值守型潮汐模拟系统的设计与实现

研究潮汐现象对沿海植物生长的影响是海洋生态学的重要研究课题,设计一套在实验室环境中可自动模拟潮汐现象的系统是这种研究的基础需求。针对这一需求开发了模拟潮汐系统,提出了一种上下双水箱模拟潮汐设计方案。介绍了该系统的功能结构、硬件组成及与软件设计。目前,该模拟潮汐系统已在华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室的相关研究实验中投入使用,运行效果良好。