薄木层积材颈椎夹板构造机制及其弹性模量计算

采用现代颈椎夹板设计理论,从微观结构研究薄木层积材特性,构造新型薄木层积材颈椎夹板.文中给出模压颈椎夹板的薄木最优尺寸,求出其理论弹性模量,给出对强度产生影响的相关系数,并推导出这些系数和薄木层积材颈椎夹板的弹性模量之间定量的数学关系和力学表达式,为颈椎夹板复合弹性力学的微观力学理论提供基础,并给出试验证明.     

Leaf K/Na ratio predicts salinity induced yield loss in irrigated rice

Salinity is a major constraint to irrigated rice production, particularly in semi-arid and arid climates. Irrigated rice is a well suited crop to controlling and even decreasing soil salinity, but rice is a salt-susceptible crop and yield losses due to salinity can be substantial. The objective of this study was to develop a highly predictive screening tool for the vegetative growth stage of rice to estimate salinity-induced yield losses. Twenty-one rice genotypes were grown over seven seasons in a field trials in Ndiaye, Senegal, between 1991 and 1995 and were subjected to irrigation with moderately saline water (3.5 mS cm^-1, electrical conductivity) or irrigation with fresh water. Potassium/sodium ratios of the youngest three leaves (K/Na_Leaves) were determined by flame photometry at the late vegetative stage. Grain yield was determined at maturity. All cultivars showed strong log-linear correlations between K/Na_Leaves and grain yield, but intercept and slope of those correlations differed between seasons for a given genotype and between genotypes. The K/Na_Leaves under salinity was related to grain yield under salinity relative to freshwater controls. There was a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between K/Na_Leaves and salinity-induced grain yield reduction: the most susceptible cultivars had lowest K/Na_Leaves and the strongest yield reductions. Although there were major differences in the effects of salinity on crops in both the hot dry season (HDS) and the wet season, the correlation was equally significant across cropping seasons. The earliest possible time to establish the relationship between K/Na_Leaves under salinity and grain yield reduction due to salinity was investigated in an additional trial in the HDS 1998. About 60 days after sowing, salinity-induced yield loss could be predicted through K/Na_Leaves with a high degree of confidence (p < 0.01). A screening system for salinity resistance of rice, particularly in arid and semi-arid climates, is proposed based on the correlation between K/Na_Leaves under salinity and salinity-induced yield losses. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

日粮磷和钙磷比例对小型猪(香猪)血清、肠、骨碱性磷酸酶及血清钙磷的影响

36头生长阶段香猪去势公猪 ,通过3×3析因安排分组 ,完全随机区组设计 ,随机分配到9个处理中 ,每个处理4个重复 ,每个重复1头猪。试验两个因子中日粮磷的3个水平分别为0.3 %、0.6 %和0.9 % ;日粮钙磷比例的3个水平为1 :1、1.25 :1和1.5 :1。试验基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、血粉和苜蓿粉组成 ,各处理日粮磷水平和钙磷比例用CaCO3、Na2HPO4 和CaHPO4 调配。从试验开始到结束 ,每隔两周颈静脉采血一次测血清AKP活性和钙、磷 ,并于试验结束时屠宰全部试验猪取小肠和肋骨样测AKP活性。试验结果表明 ,血清AKP活性和第六肋骨AKP活性随日粮磷从0.3 %增加至0.9 %显著下降(P<0.05) ,但十二指肠AKP活性不受日粮磷水平影响。日粮钙磷比例不影响血清、第六肋骨和十二指肠AKP活性(P>0.05)。血清磷随日粮磷增加而增加 ,随日粮钙磷比例增加而下降。血清钙不受日粮磷水平影响 ,但在日粮钙磷比例为1.25 :1时最高     

氮肥和密度对毯状苗移栽油菜碳氮积累、运转和利用效率的影响

【目的】研究油菜育秧盘毯状苗移栽,大田不同氮肥和密度耦合对油菜碳氮积累、运转和利用效率的影响,探讨植株碳氮代谢与油菜产量形成的关系。【方法】以宁杂1818油菜品种为试验材料,通过毯状苗的培育和移栽试验,比较不同年份、氮肥以及密度条件下碳氮积累、运转以及利用效率差异。【结果】油菜毯状苗适宜条件下移栽也可以获得3 750 kg·hm~(-2)高产。不施氮肥以及225 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥处理条件下随着密度增加产量显著增加,在300 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥处理和125 000穴/hm~2移栽密度条件下1穴1株、1穴2株和1穴3株间产量无显著差异。油菜植株中碳素积累能力显著高于氮素积累能力,初花期前植株C/N比较低,为16.30,初花期后C/N比较高,为114.37。碳素籽粒生产效率、氮素籽粒生产效率随着氮肥用量增加呈下降趋势,其中氮素籽粒生产效率随施氮量增加下降幅度更大。初花期至成熟期叶片氮素运转率最高,不同处理变化范围为73.90%—78.56%,其次是茎枝氮素运转率,变化范围为38.96%—67.08%,根中氮素运转率最低,变化范围为24.45%—37.06%。不同处理叶片中氮素运转率差异较小,茎枝和根中氮素运转率随着氮肥用量增加逐渐降低。初花期至成熟期叶片碳素运转率为正值,不同处理变幅为23.16%—29.08%,随着密度增加叶片碳素运转率总体上呈增加趋势,不同氮肥处理间差异相对较小。初花期至成熟期根和茎枝仍然以积累碳素为主,两者碳素运转率表现为负值。【结论】油菜毯状苗机械移栽,可有效提高茬口较迟地区的油菜生产能力。油菜在初花期之前氮代谢能力强,初花期以后碳代谢能力强,前期氮素供应有利于植株营养体的建成,从而使得后期积累更多的碳素,促进后期的产量形成。     

吉林省主要粮食作物生产风险评价

充分认识吉林省主要粮食作物生产面临的风险,为稳定粮食产量和保障国家粮食安全提供参考。以县级行政单元为研究对象,在运用直线滑动平均法对作物单产进行趋势模拟的基础上,运用非参数信息扩散模型对吉林省玉米、水稻和大豆3种主要粮食作物的生产风险进行了评估。结果表明:不同类型作物生产所面临的风险大小不同,单产损失风险从大到小依次为大豆、玉米、水稻;西北部地区县域的风险普遍较大,其次是东南角地区,而中部地区县域的风险相对较小;吉林省玉米、水稻和大豆3种作物单产损失率30%以上的概率较小。     

Experimental Study on Shear Strength of High Strength Concrete Columns

On basis of the experiment on sixteen high strength concrete columns, their shear behaviors are analysed. The effects of shear-span ratio and axial compression ratio on failure behavior, cracking shear and shear strength are analysed. The authors have discussed the suitability of the design equations for shear strength in the code. This experimental study on shear strength of high strength concrete frame columns is the first one in this field at home and the results can be served as reference for the code of high strength concrete design.     

日粮精粗比对瘤胃内环境及微生物区系影响的研究

瘤胃作为反刍动物体内的饲料加工厂,其内环境稳定和微生物区系的平衡影响着动物对饲料的利用,日粮精粗比的改变影响瘤胃内环境稳态以及微生物区系组成,从而影响反刍动物的生产效率。本文综述了日粮精粗比影响瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度、VFA浓度和瘤胃微生物区系组成的研究进展,为在生产实践中提高反刍动物生产效率提供理论依据。     

小型木材除湿干燥机应用效果分析

小型木材除湿干燥机由除湿机、干燥机机体、风机和加热器组成,具有结构简单、操作容易、性价比高等特点。一次性干燥木材的容量为10~12m3,干燥周期为12~14d,平均能耗为87.50kW.h.m-3,成本为120.00元.m-3。符合国家标准锯材干燥质量中的有关规定,且木材保持天然色泽。     

分离Y精子在茸鹿性别控制中的应用研究

为研究一种新的茸鹿繁殖方法,2007～2008年对469头马鹿,79头梅花鹿进行性别控制技术研究。结果表明：性别控制冻精情期受胎率马鹿为87．21％,梅花鹿为60．76％,两者之间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,性比率（指产公仔率）马鹿为90．95％,梅花鹿为93．75％,两者之间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;性别控制冻精与普通冻精输精比较,马鹿情期受胎率之间、性比率之间和梅花鹿性比率之间都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,梅花鹿情期受胎率之间则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。普通冻精受胎率马鹿为94．89％、梅花鹿为61．63％,性比率马鹿为50．22％、梅花鹿为49．06％,性别控制冻精受胎率整体接近普通冻精,性比率则提高40％以上,比较分析认为对茸鹿X、Y精子分离进行性别控制试验是成功的。     

YL2208CW型农用运输车主传动比的模糊优化

作者在建立Ｙ１２２０８ＣＷ型农用运输车动力性与燃油经济性模拟计算方法的基础上，应用模糊数学方法优化农用运输车的主传动器速比，获得了最佳燃油经济性。