Surface ozone concentrations and exposures during growing season at the Lithuanian rural site

The surface ozone (O₃) data show an increase by 2.6 % per year during the period 1982–1994 at the rural site of Lithuania. WHO (World Health Organization), UN-ECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), CES (Commission of the European Communities) guideline values for the protection of vegetation from adverse effects are exceeded during the growing season at the Preila coastal station. Ozone exposures for different concentration threshold are estimated during daylight hours in April-September. These values above 60 g/m³ varied between 10 000 and 43 000 (g/m³) ·h, above 80 g/m³ — between 1700 and 15 000 (g/m³) ·h, above 100 g/m³ — between 130 and 3700 (g/m³) ·h during separate years. Maximum hourly ozone values were observed from 116 to 228 g/m³ during this period.     

二化螟发育历期和积温效应研究

在15,17,21,25,29,33,35℃七种恒温下测定了二化螟各虫期的发育历期,并据此推算其发育起点和有效积温。结果为:卵11.8℃和83.5日·度;1龄幼虫11.6℃和71.7日·度;2龄幼虫10.9℃和92.4日·度,3龄幼虫11.6℃和74.1日·度;4龄幼虫11.3℃和77.2日·度;5龄幼虫10.7℃和86.6日·度,6龄幼虫10.5℃和79.5日·度;全幼虫期9.8℃和567.6日·度;预蛹12.8℃和50.7日·度;蛹10.9℃和118.9日·度;成虫产卵前期14.6℃和30.1日·度;全世代(雌)10.7℃和811.5日·度;利用Weibull函数拟合二化螟种群内幼虫个体间发育历期分布,当常态历期为x时,完成发育个体占总个体的比例F(x)可以下式表达: F(x)=1-Exp{-[(x-0.6546)/0.3795]~(3.8526)}     

柑桔臀纹粉蚧的研究

柑桔臀纹粉蚧在上海地区常规栽培管理的十字景天上一年发生3代,以受精雌成虫或产卵雌成虫越冬。本文报导了此虫的年生活史及各虫态的生活习性、发育进程与历期,并测得其卵的发育起点温度为11.49±0.53℃;有效积温为73.11±3.39日度。以15%铁灭克颗粒剂根施;40%氧化乐果10O倍液浇灌,防治效果在97%以上.     

Threshold criteria for heavy metals in the soils of hazard-free dry fruit production regions of China

Determination of proper threshold criteria for heavy metals in soils is an important basis for hazard-free dry fruit production in China. Based on the detection of heavy metal contents in soils in this study, it is initially concluded that the soils for dry fruit production in China are suitable for hazard-free growing. Moreover, the soil safety qualification for dry fruit production is much better than that in some developed countries or regions, which might help our production have a competitive advantage on the international market. However, soil Cr contents in the country are slightly higher, so that it is necessary to take steps to control any contamination during the whole chain of production. The following threshold criteria for heavy metals in soils is suggested according to physical, ecological and economical considerations: Hg 0.15 mg/kg; As 20 mg/kg; Pb 50 mg/kg; Cd 0.30 mg/kg and Gr 200 mg/kg. Translated from Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2005, 42(1): 153–155 [译自: 土壤学报]     

枸杞瘿螨的生物学特性及其有效积温的研究

室内恒温条件下测定了枸杞瘿螨Aceria pallida Keifer的发育起点温度和有效积温。枸杞瘿螨产卵前期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为7．23℃和50．99日度；卵和幼若螨期发育起点温度和有效积温分别为5．51℃和167．68日度；全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为6．08℃和217．05日度。发育进度有效积温模型分别为4N4卵前=50．99／[T-7．23]；4N4卵幼=167．68／[T-5．51]和4N4世代=217．05／[T-6．08]。在15℃～35℃恒温条件下发育历期与温度呈负相关，其中在25℃～30℃之间时枸杞瘿螨发育快，数量多，该温度范围是枸杞瘿螨生长发育的最适温度。根据呼和浩特地区气象资料，枸杞瘿螨在呼和浩特地区1a发生的理论代数为10代～12代。     

小波变换用于抑制干扰信号几种方法的比较研究

对小波变换抑制干扰信号提取真实信号的3种方法，即小波滤波器消噪法；软、硬阈值消噪法；基于模极大值的小波去噪方法，进行了比较研究。给出了每种方法的适用范围及具体的算法、仿真结果，对于选用小波变换工具进行信号处理具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

青杨叶锈病防治指标的研究

在东北地区青杨叶锈病严重发生地区，对小里杨１．２．３年生苗木。分别按病情等级对苗木的生长量，损失率进行测定。确定经济阈值和防治指标：插条苗经济阈值的病情指数为１４。防指标的产现情 指数１５－１６时为重点防治。大于１８时应全面防治；平茬苗经济阈值的病情指数为２１。     

上海地区秋景现状分析及改善途径

上海园林中难见秋色的主要原因是多数秋色叶树种开始变色的临界温度是10℃或更低,故秋色要在11月中下旬才能充分显示,但有几个树种却能在15℃左右即开始变色,还有约15种能在秋季结出美丽的果实,如能成片种植,不仅能使秋色期提前到10月中旬,并能提高上海的秋景水平。     

基于双阈值分割的苗期杂草识别算法

提出了一种基于双阈值分割的苗期杂草识别算法。首先通过2个阈值分割得到2幅分割图像,再结合形态学操作融合2幅分割图像后进行识别得到作物图像;参考现有除草剂喷洒方案将作物图像分为6行8列的子区域,根据每个子区域是否有作物像素点决定是否喷洒除草剂。结果表明,该方法基本上实现了苗期杂草的防治,并节省了45%左右的除草剂。     

巴氏钝绥螨发育起点温度与有效积温

在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃五种恒温、湿度72%,光照L∶D=12∶12的人工气候箱中,测定巴氏钝绥螨的发育历期.结果表明:随温度升高,发育历期逐渐缩短.巴氏钝绥螨卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨、产卵前期、世代的发育起点温度分别为18.07℃、12.65℃、13.66℃、13.25℃、15.85℃、11.90℃;有效积温分别为:11.57、10.95、23.08、20.90、24.20和126.87日·度.根据有效积温法则预测巴氏钝绥螨在南昌地区的发生代数为21代.