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21.
用载玻片萌发法测定了混剂的室内毒力,共毒系数ND-901为208.14ND-903为243.13,表明具有一定程度的增效作用。大棚试验结果表明,无论在防效还是增产方面,混剂比单用保护或内吸必杀菌剂都具有明显的优点。小区试验ND-901和ND-903的防效分别比三乙膦酸铝高10.98%和24.28%,增产22.2%和40.5%。ND-901国内多点示范推广防病增产效果都很好。此外,还测定了混剂的急性 相似文献
22.
Vincent Niderkorn Giuseppe Copani Ccile Martin Gaëlle Maxin Anglique Torrent Frdric Anglard Yvanne Rochette Ccile Ginane 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(4):626-635
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding sheep with silage mixtures containing bioactive legumes on intake and digestive parameters. The bioactive legumes used were sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) and red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense), which contain condensed tannins (CT) and polyphenol oxidase respectively. Five treatments were assigned to two groups of sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The five types of silages tested were, on a dry matter (DM) basis: pure timothy grass silage (Phleum pratense, control, T), three binary mixtures of T‐SF, T‐RC and RC‐SF (500 g/kg each) and a ternary mixture of T‐RC‐SF (500, 250 and 250 g/kg respectively). The daily voluntary DM intake of silage mixtures containing both SF and RC was greater than for pure T silage, while the presence of SF resulted in lower organic matter digestibility compared to pure T. The rumen disappearance rate measured in situ increased linearly with the presence of SF and RC in silage. The nitrogen (N) digestibility was greater for pure T and T‐RC than for T‐SF, and the amount of N retained daily by the animals was greater for RC‐containing silages than for T and T‐SF. The methane (CH4) yield was greater for pure T than for the silage mixtures containing SF. We conclude that the presence of RC in silage could boost performances through intake and N retention, while SF‐based mixtures appear to have reduced negative environmental impacts through the reduction of CH4 emissions. 相似文献
23.
Methods for Comparing the Yield Stability of Cropping Systems 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
H.-P. Piepho 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(4):193-213
The stability of yield is an important characteristic to be considered when judging the value of a cropping system relative to others. In the context of agricultural research, the analysis of yield stability has been largely confined to multienvironment trials of crop cultivars. This review emphasizes that methods for comparing the stability of cultivars can also be used for comparing different agronomic treatments in general, of which cultivars are but a special case. Throughout the paper, different agronomic treatments are referred to as cropping systems. Some of the methods useful for stability analysis of cropping systems are discussed and a brief review of applications of these methods is given. The paper puts different stability measures into a unifying mixed model perspective. 相似文献
24.
氰戊菊酯和单甲脒 2 种药剂的各种配比均对桔全爪螨存在着不同程度的增效作用,其中以氰戊菊酯与单甲脒按1∶5 的比例复配增效作用最为明显,共毒系数达到 411.42.田间药效试验也表明, 20% 的混剂乳油(3.33% 氰戊菊酯+ 16.67% 单甲脒)的药效明显高于20% 的氰戊菊酯乳油和25% 的单甲脒乳油. 相似文献
25.
Dispersion and migration of fine particles in two palygorskite‐containing soils of the Jordan Valley
Migration of different mineral particles within columns of soil‐sand mixtures containing 10 or 20 mass % of soil was investigated by establishing differences in the mineral suite between the ”︁bulk clay” and the ”︁mobile fine material” fractions. The ”︁bulk clay” fractions of all soils contained smectite, palygorskite, kaolinite, quartz, feldspar, and calcite. The soils were saturated with sodium by leaching with NaCl solution, and then leached with distilled water. Clay dispersion and particle migration occurred in the columns. Values of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) of the effluent decreased with time due to carbonate dissolution. At a certain SAR value, the clays apparently formed aggregates, and as a consequence particle migration stopped in the column. In addition to clay‐sized particles (< 2 μm), very‐fine‐silt‐sized particles (2— 5 μm) were able to migrate in the soil‐sand mixtures, too, and to some extent fine‐silt‐sized particles (5—10 μm) as well. Average size of mobile particles decreases with increase of soil content in the soil‐sand mixtures. The mineralogical composition of the ”︁mobile fine material” changed during the experiment. At the beginning of the experiment, the ”︁mobile fine material” was enriched in the non‐phyllosilicates (especially in calcite, and in some cases in quartz, feldspar and dolomite) and contained low concentrations of phyllosilicates (smectite, palygorskite and kaolinite). At the end of the experiment, the proportion of non‐phyllosilicates decreased, and as a consequence, the proportion of phyllosilicates increased. Among the non‐phyllosilicates, calcite was the most mobile mineral. Among the phyllosilicates, palygorskite was preferentially mobilized in topsoil horizons. In subsoil horizons, on the other hand, kaolinite was preferentially mobilized. This difference was explained by the different nature of carbonates in the topsoil and subsoil horizons. Palygorskite is preferentially occluded within the soil carbonates of lacustrine origin over smectite and kaolinite. These carbonates are present mainly in the subsoil horizons. As a consequence, the presence of these carbonates in the subsoil horizons decreases the migration of mainly palygorskite. 相似文献
26.
Jens C Streibig Franck E Dayan Agnes M Rimando Stephen O Duke 《Pest management science》1999,55(2):137-146
The inhibitory action on photosystem II of four sorgoleone analogues, isolated from Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, and two synthetic inhibitors, diuron and bentazone, was tested by measuring oxygen evolution of thylakoid membranes. The inhibition of oxygen evolution for mixtures of inhibitors was compared with the Additive Dose Model (ADM). ADM assumes that, at a defined response level, the effect of a mixture of inhibitors can be unambiguously expressed by the potency of either of the inhibitors applied separately. The slope of the logistic dose-response curves differed between the inhibitors; sorgoleone analogues had the steepest and bentazone the shallowest slope. The difference in slopes makes the interpretation of the isoboles less general and may reflect the differences in the interaction between the natural and the synthetic inhibitors with the binding site. The results suggest that there may be some limitation to ADM, namely that compounds with the same site of action might have different response curves if their mechanism of binding is different. The joint action of inhibitors follows ADM at I50 . Therefore, the inhibitors can replace each other in any mixture ratio, based on the relative potencies of the pure inhibitors, without changing each other's effect on oxygen evolution. The joint action at I20 and I80 sometimes diverged from ADM. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
27.
Grasslands in ‘Old World’ and ‘New World’ Mediterranean‐climate zones: past trends,current status and future research priorities
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C. Porqueddu S. Ates M. Louhaichi A. P. Kyriazopoulos G. Moreno A. del Pozo C. Ovalle M. A. Ewing P. G. H. Nichols 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(1):1-35
Despite their ecological, economic and social importance, grasslands in areas with Mediterranean climates continue to receive limited scientific, political and media attention. The main objectives of this review are to compare and contrast dryland grasslands in the ‘Old World’ regions of the Mediterranean basin (southern Europe, western Asia and North Africa) with those of ‘New World’ regions with Mediterranean climates (Australia and Chile) and to identify common research priorities. The common characteristics and differences in climate, soils, native vegetation, importance of the livestock sector and the socio‐economic background for the different Mediterranean environments are examined. Past trends and the current status of temporary and permanent Mediterranean grasslands are also described. Some common issues between these regions are as follows: (i) adaptation to climate change; (ii) increasing persistence and drought survival of both annual and perennial species; (iii) the important role of forage legumes; (iv) maintaining grassland plant diversity; and (v) improved ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion and wildfires, and preservation of both wild and domestic biodiversity. The favourable climate in these regions, which allows year‐round grazing and the growth of legumes, should be exploited to improve the sustainability of grassland‐based, extensive farming systems and the quality of their animal products, while at the same time improving ecosystem services. The decreasing support for grassland research and development programmes requires increased international scientific and technical cooperation among the few institutions operating in the different Mediterranean‐climate areas of the World to provide innovative and sustainable solutions to farmers. 相似文献
28.
【目的】农药复配可扩大防治谱、降低单剂用药量和生产成本,延长药剂使用寿命。开发能耗低、稳定性好的纳米乳剂,使农药有效成分可以通过剂型加工更好地发挥其生物效果,提高药效。【方法】采用药膜法测定两种杀虫杀螨剂甲氰菊酯、丁氟螨酯对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)的毒力,采用共毒因子法评价两个药剂的增效作用,共毒系数法进行复配农药最佳配比筛选,最后对配比与共毒系数进行数学模型方程拟合对最佳配比进行筛选;并在获得最佳配比的基础上采用低能乳化法加工成8%甲氰菊酯·丁氟螨酯纳米乳剂,根据联合国粮农组织纳米乳剂特性及基本要求,进行8%甲氰菊酯·丁氟螨酯纳米乳剂质量控制指标检测;并通过接触角和黏附功的测定初步探究纳米乳剂的性能。【结果】药膜法测定甲氰菊酯、丁氟螨酯处理朱砂叶螨雌成螨24 h后LC_(50)分别为711.62、4.32 mg·L~(-1),共毒因子法测定结果表明,甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯复配在质量比18﹕1和165﹕1之间具有增效作用,增效配比区间较宽,两者复配可行。共毒系数法结果表明,甲氰菊酯与丁氟螨酯的质量比为50﹕1时,共毒系数(CTC)最高,CTC=209.96。通过方程拟合,甲氰菊酯·丁氟螨酯配比与共毒系数的数学模型为y=-216.86x2+19201x-424807,R~2=0.864,理论最佳配比约为39﹕1(质量比),CTC=211.91,进一步通过共毒系数法对理论最佳配比验证得:甲氰菊酯﹕丁氟螨酯=39﹕1时,毒力回归方程为y=0.66x+3.8,r=0.9757,LC_(50)=60.96 mg·L~(-1),共毒系数(CTC)高达215.36。由以上结果可知理论最佳配比与实际最佳配比增效作用基本一致,说明筛选的甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯最佳配比具有实际可靠性。最终确定39﹕1(甲氰菊酯﹕丁氟螨酯质量比)为最佳配比进行纳米乳剂的研制。通过溶剂、乳化剂、水质的筛选,得到8%甲氰菊酯·丁氟螨酯纳米乳剂的最佳制剂配方,优化配方为:甲氰菊酯7.8%,丁氟螨酯0.2%,溶剂10%(溶剂油S~(-1)50#﹕二甲苯=4﹕1),乳化剂9%—11%(十二烷基苯磺酸钙﹕聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯=2﹕3),丙三醇2%,水补足至100%。所研制8%甲氰菊酯·丁氟螨酯纳米乳剂外观呈透明均相液体,乳液稳定性、低温稳定性、热贮稳定性、经时稳定性等指标均合格,稀释200倍呈淡蓝色均相透明液体且分散性良好。8%甲氰菊酯·丁氟螨酯纳米乳剂与两种单剂相比接触角更小,黏附功大,纳米乳液雾滴与靶标结合得更加牢固,药液不容易从靶标上洒落,更有利于植物对药液的吸收,可提高药效。【结论】采用共毒因子法、共毒系数法与拟合方程相结合进行最佳配比的筛选,其结果可以更全面、客观地反映出二元复配剂的增效情况,对农药复配有一定的指导价值,同时纳米乳剂的引入对于改善当前农药剂型结构具有重要意义。 相似文献
29.
防治灰飞虱高效活性化合物和杀虫单剂及复配剂研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
采用浸苗法测定了2种新型烟碱类活性化合物和4种杀虫单剂对灰飞虱3龄若虫的毒力,并对其中3种杀虫单剂的复配增效作用进行了研究.结果表明,在供试的6种化合物中,活性化合物SXSN001对灰飞虱的毒力最高,其他化合物按毒力由高到低依次为:噻虫嗪>SXS001>吡虫啉>毒死蜱>吡蚜酮.将毒死蜱分别与吡蚜酮和噻虫嗪按一定比例复配后发现二者均表现出明显的增效作用,其中毒死蜱与吡蚜酮配比为9:20时,增效作用最明显,其校正毒力比为1.28,共毒系数为238.77;毒死蜱与噻虫嗪配比为16:1时,增效作用最明显,其校正毒力比为1.74,共毒系数为201.12. 相似文献
30.
Angular leaf spot (ALS) is one of the most economically important bean diseases in Africa. One promising control option for the disease is the use of mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties. This research evaluated (1) the reaction of farmer preferred bean varieties to ALS in the screenhouse and on-station and (2) the effect of different spatial arrangements of resistant and susceptible bean varieties on ALS disease development. For the latter, five mixture combinations and two controls were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design having three replicates. Analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSDs) were used to compare disease levels in both studies above. Varietal screening showed significant differences in varietal reaction to ALS. Screenhouse disease scores ranged between 0 and 5, compared to 0.7–3.9 in the field. For the varietal mixture trial, the lowest disease levels and the highest mixture efficiencies were observed for the combination of equal proportions of the susceptible and resistant varieties randomly mixed (even mixture) prior to planting. We conclude that even mixtures reduce the amount of ALS disease that develops in the season. 相似文献