Extraction of cheek teeth using a lateral buccotomy approach in 114 horses (1999-2009)

Reason for performing the study: There are few published data regarding the success rates of cheek tooth (CT) removal by lateral buccotomy in the horse. Objectives: A retrospective study of 114 horses admitted to 2 private equine referral hospitals over a 10 year period (1999–2009), which underwent CT removal via a lateral buccotomy. Methods: Hospital records were analysed and details including case details, presenting complaint and results of all diagnostic tests and surgical reports were documented. Information obtained during post operative reassessment was also available for analysis. Long‐term follow‐up information (>2 months) was obtained for 112 horses. Results: Short‐term complications (<2 months) occurred in 24/77 horses (31%) undergoing exodontia of the maxillary CT and 10/37 horses (27%) involving mandibular CT, with the majority arising from partial wound dehiscence and infection following 16 extractions (47%). All healed well by second intention. Other complications included both temporary (n = 6) and permanent (n = 3) facial nerve paralysis, myositis (n = 4) and the inadvertent establishment of an oroantral fistula (n = 4). One myositis case was subjected to euthanasia 24 h post operatively. Five horses had persistent sinusitis following surgery due to dental remnants (n = 2) and excessive packing material (n = 1) found in the sinuses. No inciting cause could be found in the remaining 2 horses. One further horse suffered a fatal cardiac arrest at induction of anaesthesia. Of all horses, 92% operated on had returned to their previous level of work after >2 months with no complications. Conclusion: Horses with CT removal by a lateral buccotomy have a reasonable prognosis for long‐term outcome. Potential relevance: Performing a lateral buccotomy is a justified treatment alternative for the surgical removal of equine CT following unsuccessful attempts by standing oral extraction, offering advantages over alternatives such as retropulsion, endodontic therapy and periapical curettage.     

谷冷机制冷降温储粮试验

采用回风管和一机四道的风道设计，进行了谷冷机制冷低温储粮试验和复合试验，结果表明有很好的降温效果。     

旋翼/机翼转换式高速直升机RD15方案设计

首先对目前各种类型的高速直升机方案和提高前飞速度的新技术进行了综合比较和分析,在此基础上提出了一种旋翼/机翼转换式高速方案。然后,设计了高速直升机RD15的总体方案和直升机/飞机模式的转换过程。在该方案中,升力系统由盘翼和可收缩的桨叶组成;悬停和低速前飞时的控制采用单片桨叶控制技术;尾部采用矢量推力的涵道螺桨,不仅在悬停时提供方向控制,而且在飞机模式时提供高速前飞的推力和多种控制。最后,对此方案旋翼系统的气动特性和关键技术——直升机/飞机模式转换过程中盘翼的仰角、桨叶的长度、转速以及桨距等参数的变化进行了理论和试验研究,并建立了盘翼/旋翼系统的气动计算模型。计算和试验表明,该方案在直升机/飞机模式相互转化过程中升力、功率和操纵的改变能够实现平滑连续地过渡并保证操稳性。     

The nasolacrimal duct of the mule: Anatomy and clinical considerations

This study investigated the location of the nasolacrimal orifice (NLO) and course of the nasolacrimal duct in the mule using visual examination, gross dissection and computed tomography (dacryocystography [CT‐DCG]) and concluded that the location of the NLO is distinct from that described for horses and donkeys and is easily located, by visual examination alone, within the internal cutaneous tissue of the lateral wall of the external nares. The course of the nasolacrimal duct caudal to the nasal vestibule is similar to that of the horse.     

Suture exostosis causing obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct in three horses

CASE HISTORY Three horses were presented with facial swelling and epiphora.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: All horses had facial swellings and radiographic findings consistent with exostosis at the lacrimomaxillary suture, and ipsilateral epiphora. Positive contrast dacryocystorhinography demonstrated that the site of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct was located where the duct traverses the lacrimomaxillary suture.

DIAGNOSIS: Lacrimomaxillary suture exostosis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lacrimomaxillary suture exostosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of epiphora in horses. Dacryocystorhinography, preferably retrograde and normograde, may be used as an aid to diagnosis.     

木材干燥室集中换气时进排气孔气流的均匀性模拟

为解决木材干燥室强制集中换气装置进排气道孔口气流的均匀性问题,采用理论分析和Fluent数值模拟方法,对进排气道的进排孔口气流流速、流量等进行数值模拟分析和计算,得到了满足生产实际要求的孔口半径和分布。结果表明：进气道各孔口的质量流量差小于5．1％,排气道各孔口的质量流量差小于7．3％,二者均小于质量流量偏差（10％）...     

装设均匀送风管道对冷藏库气流流场特性的改善

果蔬冷藏环境对库内温湿度及速度场的均匀性有较高要求,采用冷风机加均匀送风管道的形式可以更好地满足果蔬贮藏的条件。该文针对某200 t苹果冷藏库,研究了库内装设与不装设均匀送风管道时库内的温度场、速度场及相对湿度场的分布情况。文中建立了冷风机(加均匀送风管道)-货物-库内空气环境的气体流动、传热与传质的三维耦合数学求解模型。在冷风机送风速度为5.24 m/s,送风温度为271.15 K,送风相对湿度为90%的条件下,数值模拟研究了冷藏库内速度场、温度场及相对湿度场,并通过计算不均匀系数及空气分布特性指标(air diffusion performance index,ADPI)对流场特性进行了评价。结果显示,当库内装设均匀送风管道时货物区速度不均匀系数比不设送风管道时降低22.65%,温度不均匀系数降低20%,相对湿度不均匀系数降低22.73%,空气分布特性指标增大11.13%。因此,装设均匀送风管道时库内速度场、温度场及相对湿度场均更加均匀。     

湿帘冷风机-纤维风管通风系统对妊娠猪猪舍的降温效果

夏季高温严重影响母猪生产性能,为缓解空怀妊娠母猪夏季热应激,该文采用湿帘冷风机-纤维风管通风系统,以风管定点送风、开孔喷射出风的模式,将冷风输送至妊娠猪活动区域进行局部降温试验,对照猪舍采用自然通风模式。试验结果表明:在舍外日平均最高气温39.9℃,平均温度31.5℃、湿度85.6%时,试验舍和对照舍日平均温度、日平均最高温度分别为27.7、29.6和30.2、32.5℃(P0.01),湿度分别为87.5%和82.5%(P0.05);试验舍风管纵向开孔出口平均风速为7.23 m/s,风管下风速从高往低逐渐衰减,母猪活动区域风速为0.99 m/s,对照舍风速为0.16 m/s(P0.01)。试验舍和对照舍CO2浓度分别为1 849和2 444 mg/m3(P0.05),NH3浓度分别为1.48和4.96 mg/m3(P0.01)。试验舍和对照舍平均温湿度指数分别为70.4和73.6(P0.01),有效环境温度分别为12.1和19.5℃(P0.01),试验舍全天均处于舒适范围。母猪平均皮温分别为33.3和34.1℃(P0.05),呼吸频率分别为72.3和87.5次/min(P0.05)。从生产性能来看,试验舍和对照舍6~9月母猪采食量分别为81.0和72.0 kg/(头·月),试验舍显著高于对照舍(P0.05),7~11月试验舍和对照舍母猪分娩率分别为89.3%和78.9%,窝产活仔数分别为12.6和11.7头/窝,出生窝质量分别为18.0和17.1 kg/窝,以上指标均差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,湿帘冷风机-纤维风管系统的局部降温和风冷效果好,可有效改善舍内热环境,缓解母猪热应激。