小型油菜联合收获机双风道气流清选装置的设计与试验

针对油菜收获脱粒清选中损失率与含杂率较高的现状,设计了一种配套小型油菜联合收获机的双风道气流清选装置,主要由圆盘分选筛、斜面集料器、清选筒、离心风机等组成。利用圆盘筛旋转产生的离心力作用对油菜脱出物进行初次筛分,分选得到的籽粒与小杂余的混合物,由斜面集料器收集滑入清选筒内,离心风机的运转使清选筒内产生负压气流,形成双向风道气流,对籽粒进行二次清选。基于流体动力学基本方程进行了双风道气流清选参数设计,利用ANSYS进行清选流场数值仿真分析,在自制试验台架进行了多因素正交试验。将油菜脱出物含杂率、清选筛转速和离心风机转速作为主要因素,通过单因素试验与正交试验,用清洁率与损失率对选定因素进行分析,得到最优清选方案。理论分析、数值模拟与试验结果基本吻合。结果表明:在喂入量为0.1 kg/s时,对于含杂率为15%的油菜脱出物,清选筛转速为50～80 r/min、离心风机转速为1 700～1 900 r/min时,清洁率为95.0%～98.5%,清选性能较好;含杂率为5%、清选筛转速为60 r/min、离心风机转速为1 800 r/min时,清选性能最优,清洁率达98.2%,含杂率小于4.2%。     

日光温室正压式湿帘风机系统设计及其降温效果

针对传统湿帘风机系统存在温湿度不均匀,无法调控冷空气温度;对温室密闭性要求较高,不适用于节能型日光温室等问题,借鉴国外半封闭温室降温方式,对日光温室正压式湿帘风机降温系统结构参数优化与应用效果进行研究。结果表明:最优的湿帘风机系统结构参数为,湿帘厚度150 mm,单位面积水流速4 L/(min·m~2),直径50 cm、均匀打孔、孔距20 cm、孔径1 cm、反光膜材料的通风筒;与对照温室相对,此系统最高可降温10℃,室内温度基本全天均低于室外,在距地面1.5 m水平面上各处的温差在2℃以内,湿度差在7%以内,垂直方向上距地面3 m以下的温差在3℃以内。此降温系统能够有效的降低夏季日光温室的温度,且温室各处的温湿度比较均匀,可以为我国节能型日光温室提供有效的夏季降温措施。     

INTERMITTENT CRANIAL LUNG HERNIATION IN TWO DOGS

Two aged dogs with chronic obstructive airway disease were evaluated because of intermittent swelling of the ventral cervical region. Radiographs made at expiration and caudal positioning of the forelimbs allowed identification of intermittent cervical lung herniation of the left and right cranial lung lobe in both dogs. Pulmonary hyperinflation, increased expiratory effort, and chronic coughing were considered responsible for the lung herniation. Cervical lung hernia should be included in the differential diagnoses of intermittent cervical swelling in dogs with chronic respiratory disorders associated with increased expiratory effort and chronic coughing.     

RADIOGRAPHY REVIEW: THE VASCULAR AND BRONCHIAL PATTERNS OF PULMONARY DISEASE

Pulmonary blood vessels account for the majority of radiographically visible structures in normal lung. The vascular pattern of pulmonary disease is characterized by changes in vessel size, shape, contour. Changes in size can be classified as hypo vasularity (decreased size) or hyper vascularity (increased size). The pulmonary arteries and veins may be affected separately or simultaneously. In normal lung, the bronchial structures peripheral to the hilar area are not seen clearly. The bronchial pattern of pulmonary disease is characterized by alteractions in bronchial wall thickness and dinsity, or in bronchial lumen diameter. Mixtures of the four lung patterns, i.e. , alveolar, interstitial, bronchial, and vascular, occur frequently. The lung radiographic pattern in an individual animal depends not only on the disease process present, but also on the stage of the disease during which they are radiographed.     

Endogenous 5-HT outflow from chicken aorta by 5-HT uptake inhibitors and amphetamine derivatives

Chemoreceptor cells aggregating in clusters in the chicken thoracic aorta contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and have voltage-dependent ion channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are characteristics typically associated with neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 5-HT uptake inhibitors, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine and clomipramine (CLM), and amphetamine derivatives, p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and methamphetamine (MET), on endogenous 5-HT outflow from the isolated chick thoracic aorta in vitro. 5-HT was measured by using a HPLC system with electrochemical detection. The amphetamine derivatives and 5-HT uptake inhibitors caused concentration-dependent increases in endogenous 5-HT outflow. PCA was about ten times more effective in eliciting 5-HT outflow than MET. The 5-HT uptake inhibitors examined had similar potency for 5-HT outflow. PCA and CLM increased 5-HT outflow in a temperature-dependent manner. The outflow of 5-HT induced by PCA or 5-HT uptake inhibitors was independent of extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. The 5-HT outflow induced by CLM, but not that by PCA, was dependent on the extracellular NaCl concentration. These results suggest that the 5-HT uptake system of 5-HT-containing chemoreceptor cells in the chicken thoracic aorta has characteristics similar to those of 5-HT-containing neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS).     

RADIOGRAPHIC AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL SIZE IN 100 CATS WITH ACUTE LEFT‐SIDED CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

The aims of this study were to evaluate left atrial size in cats with acute left‐sided congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that left atrial size as determined by thoracic radiography can be normal in cats with acute left‐sided congestive heart failure. One hundred cats with acute left‐sided congestive heart failure in which thoracic radiography and echocardiography were performed within 12 h were identified. Left atrial size was evaluated using right lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs. Measurements were compared to two‐dimensional echocardiographic variables of left atrial size and left ventricular size. On echocardiography, left atrial enlargement was observed in 96% cats (subjective assessment) whereas maximum left atrial dimension was increased (>15.7 mm) in 93% cats. On radiographs left atrial enlargement (subjective assessment) was found in 48% (lateral view), 53% (ventrodorsal view), and 64% (any view) of cats whereas left atrial enlargement was absent in 36% of cats in both views. Agreement between both methods of left atrial size estimation was poor (Cohen's kappa 0.17). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a maximum echocardiographic left atrial dimension of approximately 20 mm as the best compromise (Youden index) between sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of radiographic left atrial enlargement. Left atrial enlargement as assessed by thoracic radiography may be absent in a clinically relevant number of cats with congestive heart failure. Therefore, normal left atrial size on thoracic radiographs does not rule out presence of left‐sided congestive heart failure in cats with clinical signs of respiratory distress.     

翘嘴鲌肝脏的显微和超微结构研究

光镜观察发现,翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)肝脏浆膜较薄,边缘肝细胞排列紧密,肝小叶不明显,肝血窦相互交织成网络状,可见枯否氏细胞,偶见双核肝细胞.肝实质中有极少量胰腺组织分布.肝内血管系统由小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉、肝血窦、中央静脉、支静脉和肝叶中央静脉组成,肝叶中央静脉特别发达,贯穿整条肝叶,管壁较薄,由内皮和结缔组织组成.胆管系统由胆小管、小叶内胆管、小叶间胆管、支胆管和肝叶中央胆管组成,其中支胆管和肝叶中央胆管特别发达,肝叶中央胆管与肝叶中央静脉伴行,管壁较厚,分为3层,内层由单层高柱状上皮和固有膜组成,中层由环形平滑肌组成,外层由结缔组织组成.电镜观察发现,翘嘴鲌肝细胞无明显的双态现象,常染色质充满整个细胞核,核仁大而明显.胞质中分布有丰富的核糖体和发达的内质网,线粒体特别丰富,内嵴发达,可见次级溶酶体和髓样小体,髓样小体周围有较多线粒体环绕,糖原颗粒丰富,但脂滴较少.肝细胞近狄氏间隙面和近胆小管面突起形成较多微绒毛,高尔基复合体靠近胆小管区域分布,说明肝细胞具有旺盛的吸收、合成和分泌能力.     

第2～6肋间神经前皮支及其营养血管的解剖学研究

目的：为临床设计胸前区皮神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学基础。方法：在17例34侧成人躯干标本上，用显微解剖法观测第2－6肋间神经前皮支的外侧支及其营养血管的来源、走行及分布规律。结果：第2－6肋间神经前皮支的外侧支及其营养血管于胸骨两旁相应肋间穿出深筋膜，呈节段性、重叠性分布于胸前区皮肤。皮神经营养血管相互间形成丰富的吻合。结论：可设计以第2－6肋间神经前皮支的外侧支及其营养血管为蒂的皮神经营养血管皮瓣。     

棉蝗Chondracris rosearosea（De Geer）的形态研究：Ⅱ. 胸骨骼

本文研究了棉蝗各胸节背板、侧板和腹板的组成,及翅胸节与侧板之间膜质中骨片间的关系,并对棉蝗胸部内外骨骼的形状进行了较详细地描述。明确了棉蝗的胸骨骼与非洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratorioides(Reiche et Fairmaire)和东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria minilensis(Meyen)胸骨骼的不同之处。