果园喷雾机单双风机风道气流场仿真与试验

针对单风道果园喷雾机两侧气流场不对称、施药不均匀的现象,对自制双风道果园风送试验台气流场特性进行分析研究。该文采用CFD数值模拟和试验的方法对单双风道的气流场由内及外依次对比分析研究,以viscous-standard模型分析单双风道内部气流场分布,对仿真值与试验值拟合分析,拟合优度R2=0.8274,验证数值模拟的准确性;通过对两风道出风口及距出风口不同截面上的风速散点数据Golden software Voxler拟合处理和加权分析对比2种风道特性。结果显示:单风道内部流场右侧较强,双风道左右两侧基本一致;双风道在出风口处风速较单风道大,且两侧风速曲线走势基本相同;两侧距出风口0、1、2、3、4、5 m截面上外部气流场气流分布云图中,单风道气流场集中域有明显的偏移,两侧气流场强度差异大,双风道左右气流场基本对称;在对中性上,2 m截面上双风道左右两侧最大风速对其距中距离的加权平均数分别为-3.23、-1.33 mm,单风道为-24.99、-32.33 mm,且双风道距中偏移量随距离的变化趋势较单风道小。综合分析最终得到双风道气流场在两侧对称性和对中性上较单风道有明显的优势。该研究可为进一步优化风送喷雾技术提供参考。     

武维屏教授应用桑苏桂苓汤治疗支饮经验

支饮是中医临床常见病种,涵盖了现代医学的多种疾病。武维屏教授擅用桑苏桂苓汤加减治疗支饮。临床中,先抓主症而定支饮之病,治宜桑苏桂苓汤加减。强调认识疾病之轻重缓急,先咳喘而后肿胀为"肿喘"一候。桑苏桂苓汤三焦分治祛水饮,五脏同调和为上。在此方证基础上,若为外感,驱邪最重要,若无外感,须调气并通阳。支饮之实证,病由肺及肾,虚证则由肾及肺,观疾病之整体,当始终实脾脏,久病还须化瘀。     

汽车空调风道结构的改进研究

汽车空调的风道结构影响出风口风量的分配、气流的走向,从而影响汽车的除霜性能。基于Realizable K-ε湍流模型,对于汽车的风道结构与内部流场进行数值研究,同时,利用实验验证了数值研究的准确性。首先建立带有风道的整车模型,然后对汽车除霜过程进行了仿真,发现不合理的风道结构影响除霜效率;然后对汽车空调的风道结构进行改进,汽车除霜效率得到极大提高,B区除霜死角的面积由20%降到了5%。     

Clinical, morphologic, and morphometric features of cranial thoracic spinal stenosis in large and giant breed dogs

The clinical, morphologic, and morphometric features of cranial thoracic spinal stenosis were investigated in large and giant breed dogs. Seventy-nine magnetic resonance imaging studies of the cranial thoracic spine were assessed. Twenty-six were retrieved retrospectively and 53 were acquired prospectively using the same inclusion criteria. Images were evaluated using a modified compression scale as: no osseous stenosis (grade 0), osseous stenosis without spinal cord compression (grade 1), and osseous stenosis with spinal cord compression (grade 2). Morphometric analysis was performed and compared to the subjective grading system. Grades 1 and 2 cranial thoracic spinal stenosis were identified on 24 imaging studies in 23 dogs. Sixteen of 23 dogs had a conformation typified by Molosser breeds and 21/23 were male. The most common sites of stenosis were T2-3 and T3-4. The articular process joints were enlarged with abnormal oblique orientation. Stenosis was dorsolateral, lateralized, or dorsoventral. Concurrent osseous cervical spondylomyelopathy was recognized in six dogs and other neurologic disease in five dogs. Cranial thoracic spinal stenosis was the only finding in 12 dogs. In 9 of these 12 dogs (all grade 2) neurolocalization was to the T3-L3 spinal segment. The median age of these dogs was 9.5 months. In the remaining three dogs neurologic signs were not present. Stenosis ratios were of limited benefit in detecting stenotic sites. Grade 2 cranial thoracic spinal stenosis causing direct spinal cord compression may lead to neurologic signs, however milder stenosis (grade 1) is likely to be subclinical or incidental.     

Thoracic epidural analgesia via the lumbosacral approach using multiport catheters with a low concentration of bupivacaine and morphine in sheep

ObjectiveTo determine the analgesic and systemic effects of thoracic epidural administration of bupivacaine (BP) and morphine (MP) in conscious sheep.Study designRandomized, crossover, experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy castrated sheep weighing between 40 and 50 kg.MethodsEach sheep received, via the lumbosacral approach, BP (0.5 mg kg^?1), MP (0.1 mg kg^?1), and BP plus MP (BPMP; 0.25 mg kg^?1 + 0.05 mg kg^?1) in a randomized order. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood gas analysis, skin temperature, rectal temperature, analgesia, sedation, and motor blockade were determined before treatment and at predetermined intervals until analgesia had disappeared.ResultsThe main areas of complete analgesia for the BP and BPMP treatments were the thorax and forelimb bilaterally. The median duration of analgesia was shorter with MP treatment (45 minutes; score 2) than with BP treatment (70 minutes) and BPMP treatment (140 minutes; p < 0.05). The BP and BPMP treatments caused motor block, and MP and BPMP treatments showed mild sedation. Significant decreases in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were observed only with the BP treatment (p < 0.05). Epidural MP combined with the BP local anesthetic depressed ventilation but within acceptable limits in these clinically healthy sheep.ConclusionsThoracic epidural administration of BPMP to sheep resulted in longer duration of analgesia of the thorax and forelimbs bilaterally in conscious sheep than the administration of MP or BP alone. The incidence of complications was low, but side-effects such as depressed ventilation and muscle paralysis occurred and require appropriate management.Clinical relevanceThis technique should be considered as another method for the relief of postoperative pain after thoracic surgery in sheep.     

Anatomical and radiological study of the thoracic paravertebral space in dogs: iohexol distribution pattern and use of the nerve stimulator

ObjectiveTo describe the landmarks and methodology to approach the thoracic paravertebral space in dogs; to evaluate if intercostal muscular response could be evoked by a nerve-stimulator; to radiographically assess the distribution pattern of a radio-opaque contrast medium after thoracic paravertebral injections.Study designRandomized, controlled, experimental trial.AnimalsTwo mongrel dog cadavers (anatomical study) and 24 mongrel dogs (experimental study).MethodsFor the anatomic study 0.2 mL kg^?1 of new methylene blue (NMB) was injected at the 5th thoracic paravertebral space; for the experimental study dogs were divided into three groups and received 1 (T₅), 2 (T₄ and T₆) or 4 (T₄, T₅, T₆ and T₇) paravertebral injections of iohexol. The paravertebral approach was performed with insulated needles using landmarks and a blind technique. When the needle tip reached the respective thoracic paravertebral space, the nerve-stimulator was switched-on and the presence/absence of intercostal muscular twitch was registered, thus a total volume of 0.2 mL kg^?1 of iohexol, divided into equal parts for each injection point, was administered. Radiological studies were performed with two orthogonal projections at different times. Positive injection was confirmed when the paravertebral space was occupied by iohexol in both projections.ResultsNMB was distributed in the T₅ paraverterbal space. In the experimental study, when the needle tip reached the respective paravertebral space, intercostal twitching was obtained in 80% of the total injections with a stimulating current of 0.5 mA. The incidence of positive cases when the intercostal twitch was obtained with 0.5 mA was 83.3%. The main distribution pattern observed was cloud like without longitudinal diffusion.Conclusion and clinical relevanceIntercostal muscular responses obtained with a stimulating current of 0.5 mA could be useful to locate thoracic spinal nerves in dogs and in our study the injected solution was confined to one thoracic paravertebral space.     

Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation on the Mammary Tissue Development and Serum Hormone Level of Saanen Dairy Goat

The study was aimed to analyze the effect of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the mammary gland development and serum hormone level of Saanen dairy goat.16 healthy goats with 2 months old and similar body weight were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The BMSCs which was amplified to the P6 generation was injected to the goat via jugular vein,and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. Feeding and management of the two groups were the same. Blood samples were collected monthly,and mammary gland tissue samples were collected at 3,5 and 7 months old. Frozen sections of mammary gland tissue was prepared, the ducts and acinus numbers were observed and recorded. The results showed that after transplantation of BMSCs,at 5 and 7 months old,the ducts and acinus number of goat in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).At 5,7,8 and 9 months old,the serum E₂ level of goat in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05);At 5 to 9 months old,the serum P level in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).At 7 to 9 months old,the serum PRL and INS levels in experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05);At 8 and 9 months old,the serum levels of GnRH level in experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The serum LEP,CRH and ACTH levels were higher than that of the control group at the whole test process,but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).In conclusion, injection of BMSCs could increase the duct and acinus number of dairy goat mammary,improve the hormone level in serum,and promote mammary gland development.     

Anatomical variations of the thoracic duct in the dog

Anatomical variations can be frequently found in the lymphatic system, which is also true for the shape and course of the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), the biggest lymph vessel in the body. From 2012 to 2019, the thoracic duct was successfully dissected in 43 dog carcasses that were used in the anatomy course at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb. The thoracic duct originated from the cranial border of the cisterna chyli as one lymph vessel in 36 dogs (83.7%), as two vessels in six dogs (14%) and as three vessels in one dog (2.3%). We divided the observed thoracic duct variations into six groups according to their anatomical similarities. Considering the specific embryonic development, we can conclude that all observed variations are the result of minor deviations from the standard ontogenesis. However, the importance of thoracic duct variations is significant in surgical procedures done in the thoracic cavity to prevent or cure the chylothorax. Since this research showed variations in 39 out of 43 dogs (90.7%) throughout the whole course of the thoracic duct, great care must be taken while performing the ligation or embolization of the thoracic duct.     

MQ—600型气流辅助式喷杆弥雾机风机设计与试验

设计了用于MQ—600型气流辅助式喷杆弥雾机的轴流风机。根据气流辅助式喷杆弥雾机喷施作物冠层的末速度原则,确定风机的风量、风压和出流速度等参数;以此作为风机设计的依据,设计计算了轴流风机的比转数、轮毂比、外径、叶片各截面气流全压分布等关键参数,进行了风机叶片选型、叶片各截面处弦长和叶片数量计算。并对风机驱动系统进行了设计。根据设计结果加工了物理样机,并对其性能进行了试验研究,试验结果表明,风机转速1473r/min时,风助风筒出口风速32.1m/s, 出口风下方0.5m处风速8.6m/s,风机性能满足使用要求。