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161.
Knowing the structure and variations of the plexus brachialis is important in neck and shoulder surgery. The knowledge of the brachial plexus reduces the injury rate of the nerves in surgical interventions to the axillary region. The major nerve trunks of the thoracic limb were the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves. In Van cats, the brachial plexus was formed by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves, C6-C7-C8 and T1. The 7th cervical nerve was quite thick compared to the others. The subscapular nerve was the thinnest (on the right side, the average length was 6.55 ± 0.60 mm and on the left side was 6.50 ± 0.60 mm), and the radial nerve was the thickest (the average length on the right side was 28.48 ± 0.44 mm and on the left side was 29.11 ± 0.55 mm). The suprascapular nerve was formed by the ventral branch of the 6th cervical nerve. The subscapular nerves were formed by a branch originating from the 6th cervical nerve and the two medial and caudal branches originating from the 7th cervical nerve. No communicating branch between the ulnar nerve and the median nerve was observed in the palmar region. The axillary nerve was formed by the ventral branches of the 7th nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 6th and 7th cervical nerves, and the ulnar nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 8th cervical and the 1st thoracic nerves. The radial nerve was the thickest branch in the brachial plexus. In Van cats, the origin and distribution of nerves were similar to those reported in the literature for other species of cats, with the exception of the suprascapular, subscapular and axillary nerves. 相似文献
162.
Juan Fernando Vélez-García Sharith Valentina Torres-Suárez Diego Fernando Echeverry-Bonilla 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(2):203-215
Tamandua mexicana is a mammal of the superorder Xenarthra geographically located between Mexico and Peru that remains insufficiently studied. These species are characterized by their movement, resting, and eating of termites and ants in arboreal and terrestrial environments, and therefore, their thoracic limbs have been adapted morphologically to move in these environments. Tamandua mexicana is a species constantly threatened by different causes, and their thoracic limbs can be affected in the scapular and shoulder regions as a result; therefore, specific anatomical knowledge of the scapula allows for better clinical procedures, surgical approaches, radiological diagnosis and muscular reconstructions in extinct species of anteaters. The main objective of this study was to report the anatomical and radiographic features of the scapula in juvenile and adult specimens of T. mexicana. Gross dissections and radiographic study were performed in six cadavers. The scapula had large differences compared with other mammals, such as two spines, a foramen for the suprascapular nerve, a long acromion, a cranial transverse scapular ligament and caudolateral fossa for the origin of the muscles teres major, tensor fasciae antebrachii and subscapular. In juvenile specimens, a scapular cartilage, an acromial cartilage, craniomedial and caudolateral coracoscapular ligaments forming the foramen for the suprascapular nerve, and progressive ossification of those ligaments and the cranial transverse scapular ligament were observed. These findings were corroborated by radiography; therefore, these characteristics change with age. The bony reliefs of the scapula of T. mexicana corroborate the specialization of the shoulder in this species. 相似文献
163.
Sunil Kumar Patil Lakshminarayana Somashekar Sellappan Selvaraju Kolatalu V. Jamuna Shivashanmugam Parthipan Bala Krishnan Binsila Ramaswamy Venkatesha Prasad Janivara Parameshwaraiah Ravindra 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(8):998-1010
The region-specific expression of seminal proteins in testis and excurrent duct system determines the quality and function of the spermatozoa. In the present study, localization and expression of some of the seminal proteins such as insulin-like growth factor receptor 1β (IGF-1Rβ), phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4), α-tubulin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were carried out in testis, excurrent duct system and spermatozoa of buffalo. IGF-1Rβ was localized in the cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis, except in primary spermatocytes. The PEBP4 was localized only in the elongated spermatid, whereas α-tubulin and TFPI2 proteins were localized in all cells of the seminiferous tubule including spermatocyte. In the buffalo spermatozoa, IGF-1Rβ, PEBP4, α-tubulin and TFPI2 were localized in the acrosome region, the post-acrosomal region till the tail end, post-acrosome to the entire tail region and the equatorial region, respectively. The study indicates that IGF-1R, α-tubulin and PEBP4 proteins regulate spermatogenesis, whereas TFPI2 may be involved during the zona binding process of the buffalo spermatozoa. 相似文献
164.
M. H. Hablolvarid 《Equine Veterinary Education》2020,32(1):8-11
A 7-year-old grey horse that had a history of inappetence, weight loss, weakness, dyspnoea, coughing and intermittent colic was examined post-mortem. A melanoma, confirmed histologically, was found in the right adrenal gland and had eroded into the posterior vena cava. Thoracic metastases were also identified. The skin, including the legs, trunk and perineum was normal with no evidence of melanomas. This was considered to be a primary, malignant melanoma, a novel finding in the adrenal gland of the horse. 相似文献
165.
Kristen Merrill Emily Coffey Eva Furrow Isabelle Masseau Hansjrg Rindt Carol Reinero 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):497-503
An approximately 1‐year‐old male intact Shih Tzu dog was referred to a tertiary facility with a history of progressive tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, and weight loss over a 3‐month period that failed to improve with empirical antimicrobial treatment. Upon completion of a comprehensive respiratory evaluation, the dog was diagnosed with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Clinical signs resolved and disease resolution was confirmed after completion of an 8‐week course of trimethoprim‐sulfonamide, 4‐week tapering dose of prednisone to decrease an inflammatory response secondary to acute die‐off of organisms, a 2‐week course of clopidogrel to prevent clot formation, and a 2‐week course of a phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor to treat pulmonary hypertension. Immunodiagnostic testing and genetic sequencing were performed to evaluate for potential immunodeficiency as an underlying cause for the development Pneumocystis pneumonia, and identified an X‐linked CD40 ligand deficiency. 相似文献
166.
167.
利用电子显微技术对湿地松针叶树脂道的发育进行研究 ,结果发现湿地松针叶树脂道发育过程中有明显分化的三个阶段 :1)树脂道原始细胞阶段 ;2 )胞间层膨大和胞间隙出现阶段 ;3)腔道扩大和树脂道形成阶段 .在这三个发育阶段中 ,树脂道细胞中的各种细胞器呈现不同的超微结构特征及变化规律 ,尤以质体的变化最为显著 .通过分析发育过程中的超微结构特征及其变化 ,探讨了湿地松针叶树脂道发生的方式、树脂合成的场所以及树脂分泌的途径与方式 相似文献
168.
新建钢筋混凝土立筒仓的储粮 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
好新建钢筋混凝土立筒仓使用前的准备及配合土建、设备质量验收情况。强调了作 为 储备仓的筒库,安装多功能减压管和配备通风、密闭、熏蒸、检测等设施的必要性。详细介绍了通风、熏蒸、多功能减压管的出入粮工艺及使用中的优点。 相似文献
169.
F.A. Al-Sobayil MSc PhD I.M. Ibrahim MSc PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008,28(7):437-439
Parotid duct sialolithiasis was diagnosed in four adult mixed-breed mares. Successful surgical removal of the calculi was performed using a percutaneous approach. The salivary calculi were found to contain barley grains in the center, surrounded with mineral layers composed mainly of calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate. 相似文献
170.
Wm Tod Drost DVM Clifford R. Berry DVM Edward B. Breitschwerdt DVM Michael G. Davidson DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(4):260-266
Sixteen beagle dogs were injected intradermally with Rickettsia rickettsii. The dogs were divided into four groups (n=4):1) infected, non-treated withdoxycycline;3) infected, treated with doxycycline and an anti-inflammatory dose of corticosteroid;4) infected, treated with ocular fluoresein angiograhphy was performed on days 6, 10, 17 post-inoculatin.A mild interstitial lung opacitywas noted in4/16 dogs on day 6, 5/16 on day 10 and 17 post-inculatin. Increased retinal vascular permeability was noted n 8/16 dogs on day 6,3/16 on day 10 and 1/16 on day 17 post-inoculation. Correlatin between the presence of radiographic and retinal lesions was not signigicant (p=0.08). Elevan, naturally infected, dogs with thoracic radiographs and an final diagnosis of RMSF were also evluated. Four of the 11 dogs had an unstructu4red inteerstitial pattern. Dogs with acute, experimentally-infected or naturally-occurring RMSF may have subtle pulmonary changes characterized by an unstructured interstitial patteern. 相似文献