酚类物质对东北山樱生长及呼吸关键酶的影响

 以东北山樱（Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.）幼苗为试验材料,研究了根施酚类物质对羟基苯甲酸和香豆素对其生长和呼吸关键酶的影响。结果表明,低浓度的香豆素显著促进东北山樱幼苗生长,提高幼苗光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学效率、呼吸底物含量、中间产物丙酮酸含量和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活性,不影响糖酵解途径（EMP）和磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）关键酶活性;高浓度香豆素抑制生长,降低PSⅡ最大光化学效率、淀粉含量、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）和磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）活性。对羟基苯甲酸及其与香豆素的混合溶液在3个作用浓度（0.1、1.0和10 mmol · L-1）下均不同程度地抑制幼苗生长,降低柠檬酸含量,促进PPP关键酶活性提高。低浓度对羟基苯甲酸对幼苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率和呼吸底物含量无影响,但提高丙酮酸含量、己糖激酶（HK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）和琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性,降低IDH、MDH活性;高浓度对羟基苯甲酸使幼苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率、呼吸底物和中间产物含量、PFK、PK、IDH、MDH活性下降,HK活性提高。     

Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana

From the MeOH extract of Sideritis trojana, a new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(E)-feruloylmelittoside (1) was obtained in addition to four known iridoid glycosides [melittoside (2), 10-O-(E)-p-coumaroylmelittoside (3), stachysosides E (4) and G (5)]. Moreover, five phenylethanoid glycosides [verbascoside (6), isoacteoside (7), lamalboside (8), leonoside A (9), isolavandulifolioside (10), three flavone glycosides (isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (13) and a benzylalcohol derivative (di-O-methylcrenatin) were obtained and identified. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity by in vitro TEAC assay and some of them exhibited moderate activity (0.97-1.44 mM) when compared with the reference compound (quercetin 1.86 mM). Glycosides 6-13, the most active compounds in the TEAC assay, were also tested by flow cytometry to evaluate their ability to affect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human prostate cancer cells (PC3).     

几类干草防腐剂简介

对牧草进行打捆储藏可以有效降低牧草营养损失,但储藏过程中因微生物的作用会导致牧草发热甚至腐败从而降低其饲用价值。因此,在干草调制过程中,应添加干草防腐剂以抑制微生物的生长和繁殖。本文对几种常用干草防腐剂进行介绍,以供同行调制干草时参考。     

顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱法测定菠萝蜜果肉中的香气成分

为使菠萝蜜香气成分的检测和鉴定更加快速有效,研究3种固相微萃取头对菠萝蜜果实挥发物的萃取效果,并利用气相色谱-质谱对干苞和湿苞类型菠萝蜜果实中的香气成分进行分析鉴定.结果表明,在3种萃取头中,以100 μm PDMS萃取效果最好.经100 μm PDMS萃取头萃取后,在菠萝蜜干、湿苞果实中共鉴定出66种香气物质,酯类53种,醛类6种,醇类3种,烯类2种,萜类和烷类各1种.干苞果实中主要的香气成分是戊酸-2-甲基丁酯(31.87％)、2-甲基-丁酸-己酯(23.594％)、异戊酸乙酯(10.923％)、乙酸丁酯(3.337％)、丁酸丁酯(3.164％)、己酸丁酯(3.135％);湿苞果实中主要的香气成分为2-甲基-丁酸-己酯(29.807％)、异戊酸乙酯(21.47％)、戊酸-2-甲基丁酯(21.405％)、乙酸丁酯(3.451％).顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法可作为菠萝蜜果实香味检测的便捷方法.     

Burning Issues: Sustainability and Management of Australia's Southern Forests

2011, CSIRO Publishing, 150 Oxford Street, PO Box 1139, Collingwood, VIC 3036, Australia

144 pages, softcover

ISBN 9780643094437. Price AU$49.95     

Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Jinmudan Oolong Tea by Different Wrapping-Twisting

In this study,the volatile compounds in four kinds of Jinmudan Oolong tea were extracted and analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction （SDE） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）,respectively.The relative contents of the chemical constituents in the volatile components were quantified by peak area normalization and NIST database.A total of 93 volatile components were identified,46 for sample 1,56 for sample 2,45 for sample 3 and 30 for sample 4.Alcohols and esters were the most abundant volatiles in Jinmudan Oolong tea.Palmitic acid,nerolidol,2-phenylethanol,phytol,cis-5-ethenyltetrahydro-,α,α-5-trimethyl-2-furanmethanol,2,2,6-trimethyl-6-ethenyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-3-ol,a-farnesene,eicosane,hexadecane,indole,β-phenethyl hexanoate,β-phenethyl hexanoate,methyl palmitate,benzoic acid,2-phenylethyl ester,tetrahydro-6-（cis-2-pentenyl）-2h-pyran-2-one and cis-jasmone were in all of the samples.Nerolidol was shown to be the aroma components with the highest content in Jinmudan Oolong tea,which accounted for 26.61％,36.89％,36.89％ and 36.89％.     

Sensory properties and aromatic composition of baked snacks containing brewer's spent grain

The incorporation of brewer's spent grain (BSG) into baked snacks (crispy-slices) was investigated in terms of nutritional, sensory and aromatic properties. Wheat flour was replaced with BSG at the levels of 10, 15 and 25%. Snacks containing 10% BSG exhibited high Crispiness index (Ci), low Crispiness work (Wc) and a high number of peaks during texture analysis, indicating that the crispiness of the samples was not negatively affected. However higher levels of BSG affected the texture and the crumb structure of snacks and the results were significantly different to the 100% wheat control. Addition of BSG altered the odour profile of the snacks as shown by the volatile profiles, however sensory results indicated that BSG-containing snacks at a level of 10% were highly acceptable and highlighted the possibility of using BSG as a baking ingredient in the formulation of enhanced fibre baked snacks.     

Adverse Effect of Antifouling Compounds on the Reproductive Mechanisms of the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Fertilization and embryo development that occur in sea water are sensitive to xenobiotics from anthropogenic sources. In this work, we evaluated the influence of two antifouling biocides, tributyltin (TBT) and diuron, on the reproductive mechanisms of the marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis. By using electrophysiological techniques, we examined the impact of these compounds on the electrical properties of the mature oocytes and of events occurring at fertilization. With different toxicity assays, we studied the effect of the two biocides on the gametes by evaluating fertilization rate and embryo development. Results show that sodium (Na⁺) currents were significantly reduced by either of the two biocides, whereas conductance was significantly increased. The fertilization current frequency and amplitude, fertilization rate and larval development were affected only by TBT. This study suggests that: (i) the two biocides affect either the electrical properties of the oocyte plasma membrane and the reproductive success representing a risk factor for the survival of the species exposed to environmental pollution; (ii) the ascidian Ciona intestinalis may represent a good model organism to test toxicity of marine pollutants. Possible mechanisms of action of the two biocides are discussed.     

Extract from the Zooxanthellate Jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata Modulates Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in Human Cell Cultures

On a global scale, jellyfish populations in coastal marine ecosystems exhibit increasing trends of abundance. High-density outbreaks may directly or indirectly affect human economical and recreational activities, as well as public health. As the interest in biology of marine jellyfish grows, a number of jellyfish metabolites with healthy potential, such as anticancer or antioxidant activities, is increasingly reported. In this study, the Mediterranean “fried egg jellyfish” Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) has been targeted in the search forputative valuable bioactive compounds. A medusa extract was obtained, fractionated, characterized by HPLC, GC-MS and SDS-PAGE and assayed for its biological activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The composition of the jellyfish extract included photosynthetic pigments, valuable ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and polypeptides derived either from jellyfish tissues and their algal symbionts. Extract fractions showed antioxidant activity and the ability to affect cell viability and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC) differentially in MCF-7and HEKa cells. A significantly higher cytotoxicity and GJIC enhancement in MCF-7 compared to HEKa cells was recorded. A putative action mechanism for the anticancer bioactivity through the modulation of GJIC has been hypothesized and its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential was discussed.     

Treatment and outcome of chronic septic tenosynovitis in three horses

Three horses were presented for treatment of chronic infections of the digital flexor tendon sheath. Clinical signs included severe lameness, and heat, pain and swelling of the digital flexor tendon sheath. The horses were treated with surgical lavage of the tendon sheath, systemic and local antibiotics, and analgesics. In each case, resolution of the lameness occurred over weeks to months. Only one horse returned to athletic activity, while the other two became comfortable at pasture. Response to treatment in cases of chronic tenosynovitis may not be as rapid or complete as that reported for acute tendon sheath infections.