完熟金煌芒果实香气成分研究

采用顶空固相微萃取技术和气相色谱-质谱联用仪对完熟金煌芒果实的香气成分进行初步研究,结果表明,共检出22种香气成分,主要的香气成分有E-3-溴-2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-6,10,14,18,22-十一碳五烯-2-醇(相对含量20.57%),3-蒈烯(相对含量11.50%)等;主要的香气类型有醇(相对含量25.76%),酸(相对含量24.42%),萜烯类(相对含量18.18%)等。     

顶端调控措施对烤烟叶片多酚氧化酶活性和酚类化合物含量的影响

[目的]为改进烟叶品质提供参考依据。[方法]以云烟87为供试品种,设置6个处理:T1不打顶;T2打顶;T3打顶+追施硫酸钾肥;T4打顶+涂抹生长素1次;T5打顶+追施硫酸钾肥+涂抹生长素1次;T6打顶+追施硫酸钾肥+涂抹生长素2次,分析不同顶端调控措施对烤烟叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和酚类化合物含量的影响。[结果]随着生育时期的延长,PPO活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,不打顶处理的PPO活性峰值出现较早,打顶处理的PPO活性峰值明显延迟,在成熟期,各处理的PPO活性高低顺序为:T6>T5>T3>T4>T2>T1。各处理的酚类化合物含量则随生育时期的延长逐渐升高,在成熟期的高低顺序为:T3>T2>T5>T4>T6>T1。打顶后在茎断面涂抹生长素并辅施硫酸钾肥,能使烤烟叶片的PPO活性升高,酚类化合物含量适当降低。在打顶后20d之前,酚类化合物含量与PPO活性的相关系数为0.826**,打顶20d后,二者的相关系数为-0.268。[结论]打顶后在茎断面涂抹生长素,并辅施硫酸钾肥,可增强PPO活性,提高大田烟叶质量。     

葡萄与葡萄酒单萜化合物的研究进展

 单萜化合物是葡萄与葡萄酒中一类典型香气成分,以游离态和结合态形式存在。重点阐述了葡萄果实单萜化合物的生物合成途径及其关键酶——单萜合成酶的研究进展,葡萄果实与葡萄酒中的单萜化合物及其影响因素,糖苷结合态单萜化合物的结构、含量及其分析方法,并对单萜化合物的研究前景进行了展望。     

从28届国际园艺学大会看果蔬园艺产品营养学研究现状

 有关果蔬等园艺产品的营养与生物活性物质的研究是近年园艺学研究的热点问题之一。主要根据28届国际园艺学大会论文摘要,对当前国内外有关水果、蔬菜的营养和生物活性物质的研究情况进行全面系统的总结,当前果蔬园艺产品营养学的研究包括栽培品种与野生资源,主要研究内容涉及果蔬中营养和生物活性物质的含量、分布、影响因子及其调控措施以及对人体的功效等;对有关的技术方法和存在的问题也进行了介绍,旨在为今后研究提供参考。     

不同薄皮甜瓜品种成熟果实中芳香物质的分析

研究不同薄皮甜瓜品种类群成熟果实中芳香物质主要构成成分的异同。采用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)提取甜瓜果实中的芳香物质,用气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和气相色谱仪(GC-FID)进行定性和定量分析。结果表明:5大类群薄皮甜瓜代表品种玉美人、龙甜3号、高甜黄金道、日本甜宝和香沙蜜果实成熟时香气以酯类物质为主,同时含有少量醛类、酮类、醇类、酸及其他物质。其中乙酸乙酯、乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁酯、乙酸己酯和乙酸苯甲酯是各品种果实中共有的酯类,其相对含量在不同品种中占总芳香成分的49.71%～84.95%。同时,各品种甜瓜均含有特有酯类。对这4种酯类物质的定量分析表明,乙酸乙酯在各品种中含量均为最高,龙甜3号和香沙蜜果实中4种酯类含量明显低于其他3个品种。各香气成分种类、含量和相互之间构成比例的差异是导致薄皮甜瓜果实风味不同的原因。     

Higher-tier assessment of the potential for groundwater issues due to the use of 1,3-D soil fumigant; evaluation of the active ingredient, metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds

BACKGROUND: 1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D, CAS No. 542‐75‐6) is a broad‐spectrum soil fumigant used to control numerous species of soilborne plant‐parasitic nematodes. 1,3‐D consists of two isomers, (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D. There are a number of low‐level chlorinated compounds that could potentially be produced as a part of the 1,3‐D manufacturing process. 1,3‐D and its metabolites, as well as potentially related chlorinated compounds, represent potential groundwater contaminants. RESULTS: This study has investigated the hydrolytic stability, under biotic and abiotic conditions in the laboratory, of an extensive representative list of 1,3‐D and potentially related chlorinated compounds in order to predict their environmental fate. All of these compounds showed intrinsic hydrolytic instability under both abiotic and biotic test conditions. Furthermore, a monitoring programme was carried out. Twenty‐five wells were monitored in five Italian regions characterised by historical and existing use of 1,3‐D. The parent compound, its two major metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds were not detected in the well water at > 0.1 µg L^?1 at any sampling location. CONCLUSION: The soil fumigant (E,Z)‐1,3‐D, its metabolites and potentially related chlorinated compounds constitute a low risk to groundwater. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

柑橘果实生物活性物质与糖尿病防治研究进展

柑橘果实含丰富的营养和生物活性物质,具有重要的营养、医药和保健价值.现有报道表明,柑橘果实的类黄酮、香豆素类、单萜类、果胶等生物活性物质均有防治糖尿病的功效.系统地回顾了近年来柑橘果实生物活性物质与糖尿病防治的有关研究报道,总结了有关物质防治糖尿病的机理及取得的进展,旨在为进一步开发利用我国丰富的柑橘资源提供新信息.     

锦橙果实发育过程中香气成分的变化

为了研究锦橙果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及变化,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了10月、11月、12月、翌年1月的锦橙鲜果的挥发性成分,分别检测到47,50,57,46种成分,主要成分为烃类、醛类、醇类和酯类.挥发性物质的总峰面积以及烃类、酯类在12月的果实中达到最大,反式-2-己烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、顺式-3-...     

根结线虫拮抗放线菌的筛选及菌株HA10002的鉴定与活性物质分析

为了筛选获得对根结线虫具有拮抗能力的强活性放线菌菌株,并从菌株中发现新的杀线虫活性化合物,从海南东寨港红树林采集海泥样品9份,从五指山原始森林等地采集土壤样品51份,用平板稀释法对海泥和土壤样品进行分离;以南方根结线虫2龄幼虫为靶标线虫,采用24孔细胞培养板液体线虫法进行初筛和复筛;根据形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列对复筛出的活性菌株进行鉴定;菌株发酵液经溶媒萃取、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH 20凝胶过滤和制备薄层板层析,采用活性跟踪法从中分离纯化杀线虫活性化合物;化合物经光谱及波谱分析和文献对照,进行结构鉴定。从60份样品中分离得到356株菌落形态有差异的放线菌。初筛得到16株对根结线虫校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株,复筛获得3株线虫校正死亡率在95%以上的菌株,其中分离自海泥样品中的菌株HA10002抗线虫活性最强,发酵原液的校正死亡率达100%。HA10002经鉴定为白浅灰链霉菌,从其发酵液中分离获得2个活性化合物,其中A26 3为Nocardamine,A22 1的结构正在进一步鉴定中。上述结果表明,筛选出的放线菌HA10002能合成2种以上杀根结线虫的活性代谢产物,是一株遗传稳定且具有开发潜力的活性菌株。     

Simultaneous effects of plants and earthworms on mineralisation of 15N-labelled organic compounds adsorbed onto soil size fractions

 The simultaneous impact of three successive crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) on the mineralisation of ¹⁵N-labelled organic compounds adsorbed to different soil size fractions (sand and organic residues >50 μm; silt 50–2 μm; coarse clay 2–0.2 μm and fine clay <0.2 μm) was studied under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Unplanted soils (UPS) were used as controls. In planted soils without earthworm (PS) total plant biomass decreased with each cropping by up to 50%. However, in planted soils with earthworms (PES) the total plant biomass loss was only 17%. This pattern was explained by the earthworm effect. Compared to the unplanted soils, the planted soils had an increased (mean +37%) mineralisation of ¹⁵N adsorbed onto fine clays and a partial transfer of ¹⁵N to silt and coarse clay. The quantities of ¹⁵N mineralised and transferred were higher in the planted soils with earthworms, indicating an amplification of the phenomenon in the presence of earthworms. The simultaneous effect of the rhizosphere and the drilosphere did not lead to increased mineralisation of N adsorbed onto coarse clays and silts but instead a greater transfer of N associated with the fine fractions towards the coarser fractions. Received: 25 April 2000