生防细菌复配对苹果主要病原真菌抑菌活性筛选及其稳定性

采用生长速率法测定4种生防细菌及其复配对5种苹果主要病原菌的抑制效果,并将筛选出的最佳复配生防细菌发酵液进行稳定性测定。结果表明,单一生防细菌发酵液中多粘类芽孢杆菌FS-1206对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌效果最好,为78.19%;当多粘类芽孢杆菌FS-1206与解淀粉芽孢杆菌TS-1203复配比例为2∶1时,其对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌率高达86.64%,抑菌效果显著优于单一生防细菌发酵液。稳定性测定结果表明,复配生防细菌(FS-1206∶TS-1203=2∶1)发酵液在紫外照射、高温和强酸强碱环境条件下,其抑菌活性均具有良好的稳定性。     

二氧化氯对香蕉枯萎病菌和细菌性软腐病菌的消毒效果研究

研究不同浓度二氧化氯(ClO2)对土壤和水体中香蕉枯萎病菌小型分生孢子和水体中香蕉细菌性软腐病菌的杀灭效果,为控制香蕉枯萎病和软腐病的传播提供依据.通过统计分析消毒前后镰刀菌孢子和细菌的数量发现:3 mg/L以上ClO2可将待测镰刀菌孢子100％杀灭;20mg/L的ClO2淹土不能100％杀死土样中的镰刀菌孢子;800 mg/L以上ClO2浇灌粉蕉根系周边的土壤可有效减少镰刀菌数量,高于1 500mg/L ClO2消毒液可将土壤中镰刀菌100％杀灭.二氧化氯消毒显著降低土壤中细菌的数量,显著增加土壤真菌的数量,并明显减少土壤细菌和真菌的种类.5 mg/L的ClO2可将水体中香蕉细菌性软腐病菌100％杀灭.研究结果表明,高于5 mg/L的ClO2进行水体消毒可有效预防枯萎病和软腐病通过水源传播,对发病蕉穴土壤的消毒可以使用1 500 mg/L以上的C]O2处理以达到清除病原的目的.     

几种培养因子对喹诺酮类药物抑制体外嗜水气单胞菌活性的影响

研究了培养基酸碱度(pH)、镁离子(Mg2+)、细菌接种量及小牛血清对4种喹诺酮药物抑制鱼类体外病原菌嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonashydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的影响。结果表明,当pH为7和8时,4种药物的MIC和MBC均最小,当pH升高或降低时,MIC和MBC均明显升高,抑菌活性明显降低。Mg2+对4种药物的体外抗菌活性均有不同程度的影响,随着Mg2+浓度的升高,环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的MIC和MBC均升高;当Mg2+浓度为0～2 0mg/mL时,二氟沙星的MIC无明显变化;Mg2+浓度为1 0mg/mL时,二氟沙星的MBC由0 8μg/mL上升到3 2μg/mL,单诺沙星的MIC为0 00625μg/mL,但随着Mg2+浓度的增加,MIC和MBC均有升高。细菌接种量为102～105CFU/mL时,环丙沙星和二氟沙星的MIC和MBC均无变化,只有当菌数增至106CFU/mL时,MIC和MBC才开始随着接种细菌量的增加而增加。血清能明显降低4种喹诺酮类药物的体外抑菌活性。     

马铃薯疮痂病菌拮抗菌ZWQ-1的鉴定及防效测定

为探明马铃薯疮痂病菌拮抗菌ZWQ-1的生物学分类地位和防病效果,结合其生物学特性和16SrDNA序列特征对菌株ZWQ-1进行了鉴定,利用纸碟法和温室盆栽接种试验测定了该菌的抑菌活性及其对马铃薯疮痂病的防效。结果表明,该菌的形态和生理生化特征与枯草芽孢杆菌一致,其16SrDNA序列与枯草芽孢杆菌菌株JQ398853、JN399219的同源性高达99%,因此,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。盆栽接种防病测试结果表明,拮抗菌ZWQ-1可显著降低马铃薯疮痂病的发病程度,对病原菌CPS-1、SHXHZ-3、CPS-3、CPS-2和NM-10的防治效果较为明显,防效分别为79.09%、78.85%、77.44%、54.68%和49.68%,说明拮抗菌株ZWQ-1对马铃薯疮痂病具有较好的防治作用。此外,该菌对其他18种植物病原菌也有一定的抑菌作用,说明菌株ZWQ-1是一株较具开发潜力的生防菌株。     

Phosphate Solubilizing Ability and Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria from P-Rich Soils Around Dianchi Lake Drainage Area of China

The phylogenetic diversity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)distributed in P-rich soils in the Dianchi Lake drainage area of China was characterized,and the tricalcium phosphate(TCP)solubilizing activities of isolated PSB were determined.Among 1 328 bacteria isolated from 100 P-rich soil samples,377 isolates(28.39%of the total)that exhibited TCP solubilization activity were taken as PSB.These PSB showed different abilities to solubilize TCP,with the concentrations of solubilized P in bacterial cultures varying from 33.48 to 69.63 mg L^-1.A total of 123 PSB isolates,with relatively high TCP solubilization activity(>54.00 mg L^-1),were submitted for restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analysis,which revealed 32 unique RFLP patterns.Based on these patterns,62 representative isolates,one to three from each RFLP pattern,were seffected for 16S rRNA sequencing.Phylogenetic analysis placed the 123 PSB into three bacterial phyla,namely Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.Members of Proteobacteria were the dominant PSB,where 107 isolates represented by 26 RFLP patterns were associated with the genera of Burkholderia,Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,Enterobacter,Pantoea,Serratia,Klebsiella,Leclercia,Raoultella and Cedecea.Firmicutes were the subdominant group,in which 13 isolates were affiliated with the genera of Bacillus and Brevibacterium.The remaining 3 isolates were identified as three species of the genus Arthrobacter.This research extends the knowledge on PSB in P-rich soils and broadens the spectrum of PSB for the development of environmentally friendly biophosphate fertilizers.     

Isolation and characterization of a Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus strain from the demosponge Suberites domuncula

In this study we demonstrate that the demosponge Suberites domuncula harbors a Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium, a Bacillus strain, termed BAC-SubDo-03. Our studies showed that Mn(II) stimulates bacterial growth and induces sporulation. Moreover, we show that these bacteria immobilize manganese on their cell surface. Comparison of the 16S rDNA sequence allowed the grouping of BAC-SubDo-03 to the Mn-precipitating bacteria. Analysis of the spore cell wall revealed that it contains an Mn(II)-oxidizing enzyme. Co-incubation studies of BAC-SubDo-03 with 100 μM MnCl(2) and >1 μM of CuCl(2) showed an increase in their Mn(II)-oxidizing capacity. In order to prove that a multicopper oxidase-like enzyme(s) (MCO) exists in the cell wall of the S. domuncula-associated BAC-SubDo-03 Bacillus strain, the gene encoding this enzyme was cloned (mnxG-SubDo-03). Sequence alignment of the deduced MCO protein (MnxG-SubDo-03) revealed that the sponge bacterium clusters together with known Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria. The expression of the mnxG-SubDo-03 gene is under strong control of extracellular Mn(II). Based on these findings, we assume that BAC-SubDo-03 might serve as a Mn reserve in the sponge providing the animal with the capacity to detoxify Mn in the environment. Applying the in vitro primmorph cell culture system we could demonstrate that sponge cells, that were co-incubated with BAC-SubDo-03 in the presence of Mn(II), show an increased proliferation potential.     

一株南方红壤区杉木根际高效解钾菌的筛选、鉴定及其培养条件优化

[目的]南方红壤区杉木人工林下根际土壤存在低钾胁迫环境,通过筛选、鉴定、优化培养高效解钾菌株,能够丰富解钾微生物资源库,为林木解钾工程菌的开发提供研究基础与数据支持.[方法]从不同林龄(2?,4,10?,15?a)杉木人工林下根际土壤中分离筛选出79株解钾菌,并根据其形态、生长特征选取20株优势菌株,通过测定发酵液可溶...     

光合细菌对三角帆蚌养殖水体水质的影响

将红螺菌科的红假单胞菌应用于三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cum ingii)养殖水体,测定水化学环境因子和微生态群变化情况。结果表明,光合细菌可稳定养殖水体pH,去除氨氮、亚硝基氮、总氮,降低COD,改变水体氮磷比;光合细菌能有效控制异养细菌、弧菌、气单胞菌数量,对真菌的增殖也有一定抑制作用,避免养殖水体水质恶化。     

一组木质纤维素分解菌复合系的筛选及培养条件对分解活性的影响

以麦秸垛下的土壤和麦秸堆肥为材料 ,利用限制性培养技术 ,经过多代淘汰及其不同系之间的组配 ,最终筛选构建了一组木质纤维素分解菌复合系。用羧甲基纤维素 (CMC)糖化力法和纤维素减重法研究了不同培养条件对复合系分解纤维素能力的影响。结果表明 ,以滤纸、棉花、稻草、CMC Na和葡萄糖为碳源时 ,复合系在天然纤维素含量高的碳源 (如滤纸、棉花 )存在时表现出高的纤维素分解活性 ;利用蛋白胨和酵母粉作氮源时的纤维素分解活性远高于硝酸铵、尿素等无机氮源 ;以滤纸和酵母粉作为惟一碳、氮源时 ,最适发酵质量浓度分别为 2 5和10 0 g·L-1,其分解活性最高峰均出现在发酵第 5天。最适纤维素分解的 pH为 8 0。最适纤维素分解温度为 6 0℃ ,大于 6 0℃的高温抑制复合系对纤维素分解 ;复合系的适宜溶氧量 (DO)为 0 0 7～ 0 16mg·L-1,过高过低的溶氧量均抑制纤维素分解。复合系的微好氧特点对堆肥工程降低生产成本具有重要意义。     

马铃薯致病疫霉拮抗细菌研究进展

为了解决马铃薯致病疫霉侵染马铃薯导致其死亡,进而造成马铃薯单位种植产量低的问题.本文从拮抗菌入手,归纳分析细菌类拮抗菌中的主要拮抗菌中芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和粘细菌对马铃薯致病疫霉的抑制作用.同时,在总结前人研究的基础上,笔者认为在拮抗菌应用方面,可以采用多对一的新型平板对峙筛菌模式来模拟复杂条件下拮抗菌的拮抗作用,以期得...