CO-INOCULATION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) WITH ACTINOMYCETES AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ENHANCES PLANT GROWTH,NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AND PLANT NUTRITION

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of the endophytic actinomycetes that produce plant growth promoters used as co-inoculants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to promote the growth of soybean. These endophytes exhibited the potential to enhance plant growth, nitrogenase activity of root nodules and plant nutrient uptake. Co-inoculum of B. japonicum with Nocardia alba conferred the maximum yield of root and shoot dry weight. All single-inoculated actinomycetes strains had the ability to enhance plant growth. Noc. alba and Nonomuraea rubra increased total plant dry weight up to 2.14-fold and 2.11-fold, respectively, when compared to the uninoculated controls. Co-inoculations of B. japonicum with each of Noc. alba, Non. Rubra, and Actinomadura glauciflava increased acetylene reduction activity up to 1.7 to 2.7-fold. For plant mineral composition, all of co-inoculation treatments significantly increased the nutrient levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) within a soybean plant.     

两株植物内生放线菌在植株体内定殖能力的测定

用抗药性标记法对两株植物内生放线菌进行标记,并测定其在黄瓜、小麦、白菜以及番茄四种植物体内的定殖能力[1],发现在四种植物的茎中都检测到Fq24菌株的存在,在小麦、番茄根茎和黄瓜茎中发现有Lj20菌株。并且发现两种内生放线菌对四种植物种子的根、芽萌发有不同程度的促进或抑制作用,而只对番茄和小麦苗期的根茎生长有促进作用。     

根结线虫拮抗放线菌菌株DA07118的筛选与鉴定及其发酵条件的优化

从海南东寨港红树林、尖峰岭等原始森林及黄流地区发病蕉园采集土壤样品,分离得到215株放线菌菌株。以根结线虫为靶标线虫对215株放线菌进行筛选,获得18株对根结线虫校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株。菌株DA07118抗线虫活性最强,校正死亡率达100%;经5次继代培养,仍具有稳定产生杀线虫活性物质的能力。通过形态学、生理生化反应和16S rDAN分类鉴定,将该菌株归类为链霉菌属Streptomyces。进一步的发酵条件优化试验,确定该菌株产活性物质的最佳培养基配方为（g/L）：麦芽糖10g、蔗糖25g、酵母膏20g、蛋白胨20g、K2HPO4 0.5g,初始pH7.0。发酵优化后,菌株发酵液的10倍稀释液处理后24h对根结线虫的校正击倒率从优化前的75.0%提高到93.7%。     

内生放线菌SG2与生防放线菌SC11融合菌株的筛选

【目的】提高生防放线菌对枯、黄萎病的防治效果。【方法】运用原生质体融合技术,对内生放线菌SG2和生防放线菌SC11进行融合,测定了融合菌株对尖镰孢西瓜专化型和大丽轮枝菌的抑菌效果,并测定了其内生性和产多胺的能力。【结果】获得了G-C1-G-C18共18株形态特征和菌落颜色与亲本菌株有差异、遗传性状稳定的融合菌株,其中G-C1、G-C2、G-C8、G-C10、G-C11、G-C12、G-C16和G-C18等8株融合菌株对大丽轮枝菌的抑菌率均≥70%,G-C12和G-C8对尖镰孢西瓜专化型的抑菌率均>75%。融合菌株分泌物的抑菌效果均有所降低。融合菌株G-C1、G-C2、G-C10、G-C11、G-C12和G-C16继承了亲本SG2的内生性;上述8株融合菌株均继承了双亲产生多胺的特性。【结论】实现了植物内生放线菌和土壤中生防防线菌的原生质体融合,为枯、黄萎病的生物防治奠定了基础。     

放线菌19G-317菌株发酵产物抑菌活性初步研究

【目的】明确放线菌19G-317菌株发酵产物对植物病原菌的抑制活性,为该菌株在农业病害防治中的开发应用及后续研究奠定基础。【方法】采用生长速率法、孢子萌发法、活体组织法和盆栽试验,测定放线菌19G-317菌株发酵产物的抑菌效果。【结果】生长速率法试验表明,放线菌19G-317菌株发酵产物对供试22种植物病原菌菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,发酵液对其中11种植物病原菌的抑制率大于60%,菌丝提取物对其中8种植物病原菌的抑制率大于90%;发酵液和菌丝提取物对油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长的EC50分别为84.30和18.80 mg/L。孢子萌发试验表明,发酵液和菌丝提取物对番茄灰霉病菌孢子的萌发均有较强的抑制作用,在0.5 mg/mL质量浓度下,其抑制率分别为94.26%和96.20%;组织法试验表明,在10 mg/mL质量浓度下,发酵液和菌丝提取物对番茄灰霉病的药效分别为72.17%和76.95%;盆栽试验表明,19G-317菌株发酵液和菌丝提取物对辣椒疫霉病均有一定的保护和治疗作用。【结论】放线菌19G-317菌株抑菌谱较广,对植物病菌的防治有很大的研究开发潜力。     

Accumulation of mineral elements in tuber periderm of potato cultivars differing in susceptibility to common scab

Summary Concentrations of Ca, P, K, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined in healthy tuber peelings of cultivars less (Karin, Santé and Symfonia) and more (Agria, Désirée and Tomensa) susceptible to common scab when grown at two sites that differed in the level of scab incidence. The accumulation of some elements was significantly influenced by site, year, cultivar, maturity and the age of tuber periderm. At both sites, Ca and P in periderm tissue declined but Mg increased during the growing season. The Ca/P ratios in tuber periderm of all cultivars greatly decreased 83 days after planting. Concentrations of mineral elements measured at harvest may not reflect conditions present during the infection period, and consequently may not be related to scab incidence or severity.     

根肿病生防放线菌B18发酵条件的研究

B18是一株对十字花科根肿病菌Plasmodiophora brassicae具有抑制作用的优良生防放线菌,其活菌以及发酵液都可抑制根肿病菌休眠孢子萌发.为提高其菌体量以及孢子萌发抑制率,本文以菌体生物量和发酵液抑制根肿病菌休眠孢子活性为指标,通过单因素试验和正交设计优化B18的发酵培养基组分以及培养条件.结果 表明:...     

Evaluation of a Thermophilic,Psychrostable, and Heavy Metal-Resistant Red Sea Brine Pool Esterase

Lipolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. They are valuable in the pulp, food, and textile industries. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the extreme properties of a hormone-sensitive lipase (EstATII-TM) isolated from the Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool. EstATII-TM was cloned, expressed, and its biochemical activities were assessed under different conditions. EstATII-TM catalytic properties and resistance to different metal ions were compared to commercial thermophilic esterases under different temperatures. Phylogenetically, EstATII-TM was assigned to the GDSAG motif subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. The optimal enzyme activity was evident at a temperature of 30 °C and pH 7–8. The enzyme retained 84.9% of its activity at 0.5 M NaCl. EstATII-TM maintained 93% to 97% activity at −40 and −20 °C, respectively. EstATII-TM activity was significantly enhanced, up to 10-fold, at temperatures ranging from 45 to 65 °C in the presence of 1 mM Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺. EstATII-TM showed superior catalytic activity and resistance-to/enhancement-by metal ions compared to two commercial thermophilic esterases. The Red Sea Atlantis II brine EstATII-TM is characterized by tolerance to high temperatures, stability to hot and cold conditions, as well as toxic heavy metal contamination, making it an ideal candidate for industrial processes.     

番茄早疫病生防放线菌WL07的诱变选育

为提高放线菌WL07液体发酵的抗菌效能,采用自然选育、紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变对其进行菌种选育,并测定生物活性.筛选到4株有较高生产水平的突变株:S.tz-10、S.tz-22、S.tz-36、S.tz-45,其中突变株S.tz-22经液体发酵,产量稳定,抑菌圈直径也最大,其直径是出发菌株的1.66倍,将该菌株连续传代5代后,其生物效价基本稳定.最终确定S.tz-22作为高产稳产的菌株,具有较好的应用前景.     

拮抗茄子黄萎病菌土壤放线菌的分离筛选和鉴定

为了研究土壤拮抗性放线菌对茄子黄萎病的生防价值,从陕西省延安市宝塔区与汉中地区土壤中分离、纯化获得154株具有纤维素降解活性的放线菌。采用平板对峙培养法进行初筛,用生长速率法对抑菌效果较好的菌株ZX-10-4进行抑菌谱的测定,并进行盆栽试验验证其对茄子黄萎病的防治效果,通过形态、培养特征及16S rDNA序列分析研究其分类地位。结果显示,有17株放线菌对茄子黄萎病菌抑菌效果较好且抑菌活性稳定,其中菌株ZX-10-4的抑菌活性最高,抑菌率达90.15%;活性菌株ZX-10-4发酵原液对茄子黄萎病的保护和治疗作用分别为70.00%和60.33%,稀释5倍液的防效也在50%以上。根据形态、培养特征、生理生化指标和16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定菌株ZX-10-4为白网链霉菌Streptomyces albireticuli的近似种。