Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County,Virginia, USA evaluated with multitemporal Landsat imagery

In order to study forest fragmentation in the Virginia, USA Piedmont, a series of Landsat images from 1973, 1987, and 1999 covering a rapidly developing area (Loudoun County) was used to classify forest from non-forest. The classified images were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fragmentation, and to relate these patterns to infrared radiance provided by Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) band 6. The analysis was concentrated on eleven major watersheds of Loudoun County. The relationship between urbanized area per watershed and mean fragment size showed a strong negative decay form (r ²=0.757, p<0.0001). Analysis of four landscape metrics showed increasing fragmentation of forest cover, particularly from 1987 to 1999, as well as an increase in forest edge and shape complexity. Of the landscape metrics used, the perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio showed the strongest relationship with mean radiance of forest patches. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship between distance from major roads and band 6 radiance of forested pixels. Overall, the study shows that landscape metrics can convey meaningful information on biophysical changes associated with forest fragmentation at broad scales. These changes suggest that ambient temperature increases associated with urban sprawl may have important, long-term implications for ecophysiological processes.     

部分菜豆种质资源鉴定及优质资源评价

通过对国家种质库的１１８份菜豆种进行苗期抗炭疽病、霜霉病的鉴定，嫩英营养成分的测定和经济性状的观察，筛选出具有利用和推广价值的综合性状优异的菜豆品种６个：双阳大花皮、红豆宽、红花皮和黄家雀蛋（蔓生，在抗病、早熟、丰产育种方面有利用价值），ＧＹ２０－３－１和Ｌａｍａｎｉｅｒｅ（矮生、在育种有很高利用价值，也可以在生产上直接利用。     

沈阳地区玉米光热水生产潜力研究

在玉米光热生产潜力的基础上，进一步讨论沈阳地区水分对玉米生产潜力发挥的限制作用，结果表明：水分的限制率为１８．５％，使玉米经济产量降低３９５．０１ｋｇ／ｍｕ。     

试论灌木是干旱、半干旱区草地恢复中重要的生物资源

西北干旱、半干旱荒漠区是我国典型的荒漠生态系统.灌木是荒漠植被的主要组分,它在维持荒漠生态系统生物多样性、生态服务功能及其稳定性方面具有重要作用.20世纪下半叶,人口和经济快速增长导致的高强度人类活动,深刻地改变了荒漠生态系统的结构及水分和能量循环过程,致使灌木植物严重退化.为了保育灌木资源,提高人们对灌木在草地恢复中重要作用的认识,从改良土壤、物种多样性、防风固沙等方面论述了灌木在草地恢复过程中的特殊作用.建议在草业方面开展深入研究,以便使灌木在草地恢复中发挥更大的效能.     

生物共生理论对构建和谐社会的科学指导意义

在人类居住的“地球村”里，生存着多种多样的生物，他们之间存在着千丝万缕的奇妙关系，生物共生就是这些关系之一。分析生物共生理念的产生根源，回顾生物共生理论的发展轨迹，对目前人类认识的生物共生现象进行了归类阐述，提出生物共生理论资源对构建和谐社会具有科学的指导意义。     

披碱草属植物遗传多样性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于披碱草属(Elymus L.)植物遗传多样性的研究现状和存在的问题,同时讨论了其作为重要种质资源的应用前景。     

甘肃省土地资源可持续利用定量评价

从资源、环境、经济和社会4方面构建土地资源可持续利用评价指标模型,并选择23个参评因子,对甘肃省土地资源可持续利用空间差异进行定量分析,发现甘肃省土地资源可持续利用水平有明显的空间差异,认为各地在资源开发、经济发展、社会进步和环境保护方面有待进一步协调。     

内蒙古东北部天然牧草生态气候适应性研究

应用积分回归、模糊数学中隶属函数和地理信息系统,对内蒙古东北部的天然牧草进行分区生态气候适应性综合评价。分析表明:牧草的自然生态适应性在半干旱、干旱环境中明显不如湿润、半湿润地区;对天然牧草的资源总量、生态系统进行了系统辩识;以定量、客观的方法分析和评价牧草气候资源区域分布特征,揭示出了资源的总体状况和各气候生态要素间的相互匹配情况。可为制定畜牧业发展规划提供决策依据。     

Observations on the potential of microwaves for weed control

Field tests of a prototype microwave‐based weed killer machine were conducted on Abutilon theophrasti, Panicum miliaceum, lucerne and oilseed rape pure stands. The approach can be considered a thermal weed control method, the microwave radiation causing dielectric heating of plant tissue water that eventually kills the plant. The method could overcome the limitations of other thermal methods, such as fire risk with flaming or the heavy loads required for hot water treatments. Species were effectively controlled by microwave irradiation, but their sensitivity and the evolution of damage symptoms over time differed. Lucerne showed no sigmoidal response and was the least affected by the treatment, while a log‐logistic curve expressed the dose–response relationships of the other species quite well. The estimated microwave dose for a 90% dry weight reduction ranged from 1015 kJ m^?2 in A. theophrasti to 3433 kJ m^?2 in P. miliaceum. Energy cost evaluation indicated that increased efficiency is required for this technique to compete with other thermal methods. Microwave efficiency could be increased by a flux configuration that minimizes soil penetration and maximizes absorption by plants, which, in turn, depends on plant growth form.     

湖南两江峡谷森林公园夏季鸟类资源调查

2007年7月4～11日,对湖南两江峡谷森林公园夏季鸟类资源进行了调查。通过样线调查法并结合鸟网捕捉,共记录到68种鸟类,隶属于14目31科,占湖南省400种鸟类的17.00%。其中53种属东洋界种类、3种属古北界种类、12种属广布种;留鸟60种、夏候鸟8种。8种鸟类属国家Ⅱ级保护动物,占鸟类物种数的11.76%。根据调查结果与分析,提出了鸟类资源保护与利用的合理性建议。