德国鸢尾新品种"魂断蓝桥"离体快繁的研究

以"魂断蓝桥"的花葶为外植体进行不定芽的诱导和继代增殖的研究。结果表明:将花葶分节点接种在MS+BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中,其不定芽的分化率最高;在继代增殖过程中,把带芽量为4~5个的外植体接种在MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中,继代周期为30 d,其增殖系数达到最大。     

Phosphate Fertilizers for Sugarcane Used at Pre-Planting (Phosphorus Fertilizer Application)

Phosphate applications are still rare in sugarcane cultivation and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of residual over. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization before sugarcane planting and its effect on sugarcane yield. The study was carried out over three crop cycles at the Jalles Machado sugar-mill in Goianésia, GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five different phosphorus sources (soluble and insoluble) applied at a rate of 300 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). The phosphorus fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, and magnesium term phosphate. The effects of these fertilizers were evaluated by plant height (ground to Top Visible Dewlap; TVD), leaf phosphorus content, agronomic efficiency, and sugarcane yield from cane-plants, first ratoon, and second ratoon. Magnesium term phosphate and triple superphosphate resulted in greater plant-cane height. Leaf phosphorus concentrations were highest with applications of MAP, magnesium term phosphate, and triple superphosphate. Phosphate applications did not affect sugarcane plant yield, but did increase ratoon yield. In general, the residual effect of insoluble phosphate increased over the years. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of phosphate was (in descending order): triple superphosphate (100%), term phosphate (89%), MAP (80%), Itafós rock phosphate (67%), and Arad rock phosphate (60%).     

甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养试管苗的保存和壮苗技术

以甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养再生植株为材料,研究多效唑在试管苗继代和移栽中的应用.试验发现多效唑能明显抑制油菜试管苗的株高.经0.325mg/l多效唑处理的试管苗壮苗作用最明显,后期移栽方便,成活率提高.在添加多效唑的斜面培养基中多次添加液体培养基可免除继代工作,并且将试管苗保存时间延长到144d以上.     

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

The demand for information on cropping system impact on soil organic matter (SOM) calls for efforts to improve the utilization of short‐term field experiments (e.g., to evaluate the parameterization of cropping systems in models). Those approaches have coped with the problem of determining small SOM changes within a large background mass. Thus, objectives of this survey are (1) the improvement of the minimum detectable difference (MDD) in SOM in the hudycrop short‐term field experiment by methods of sampling design and data treatment, (2) the verification to what extend the hudycrop short‐term field experiment allows for the determination of management induced effects on SOM, and (3) the investigation to what extent the obtained results may be suitable to evaluate the parameterization of a SOM balance model. The design of the hudycrop is suitable for excluding outliers plotwise. The estimation of plot means can be improved by the sampling design. Instead of determining a single plot mean in a mixed sampling procedure, the design provides multiple values for each plot, allowing for the identification of extreme values before calculating plot means. In consequence, minimum detectable differences decrease by a factor of 0.53 for soil organic C (SOC) and 0.63 for soil total N (STN) masses, allowing for detection of changes in the magnitude of 3.7 and 2.6% of background SOC and STN levels, respectively. Differences between treatments, however, are significant with corrected values (after outlier exclusion) for the crop production systems with the highest impact (potatoes and mulched red clover). Determining outliers based on Student's t‐test gives the lowest MDD and is therefore considered to be the most suitable method in this case. Correlations between apparent changes and SOM balances according to the HU‐MOD–2 model, used in this survey, indicate that the experimental design, in principal, is suitable for the evaluation of the parameterization of crop production systems in models. Still, an improved precision in SOM change detection is necessary. Reasonable options for that purpose are discussed in the paper.     

《中国图书馆分类法》第4、5版中的“心理疗法”类目设置

指出《中国图书馆分类法》第4、5版中“心理疗法”类目设置不科学、类名不一致、主题词款目用代关系不正确及主题词—分类号对应错误等问题,提出“心理疗法”应设置成R45西医治疗学的下位类,类名统一使用“心理疗法”,款目主题词应改为“心理疗法”,其下的用代关系改为“D精神疗法”。     

月季组织培养研究进展

介绍了月季组织培养的研究概况,阐述了影响月季组织培养的主要因素,其中对外植体的选择及灭菌、启动培养和继代增殖以及生根培养中的培养基及激素的选择、组培苗移栽等相关研究进行综述,并讨论了月季组织培养中存在的问题。     

致病疫霉拮抗放线菌的筛选及抑菌作用初步研究

为获得对致病疫霉具有显著且稳定拮抗作用的放线菌,利用对峙培养法和滤纸片法测定了从土壤中分离纯化出的放线菌活体及其发酵液对致病疫霉生长的抑制作用,并对其中抑菌效果显著的Sy11菌株的抑菌方式、对致病疫霉的感应性、传代稳定性以及对致病疫霉菌体形态的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,分离纯化出的74株放线菌中有17株对致病疫霉具有拮抗作用,但其发酵液对致病疫霉均无抑制作用;Sy11菌株只有感应到致病疫霉存在时才分泌对致病疫霉的抑菌物质;连续传代25次后,Sy11菌株的抑制率仍然保持在81%以上;Sy11菌株可导致致病疫霉菌丝体严重变形,但只是抑制其生长,并未杀死致病疫霉。这些结果表明,Sy11菌株在防治马铃薯晚疫病方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

大型海藻羊栖菜对新月筒柱藻生长抑制作用研究

研究了羊栖菜藻体、干粉及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻生长的影响。结果显示:羊栖菜藻体、干粉和乙醇提取物皆可明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,羊栖菜粉末及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻的生长的抑制作用表现出较强的浓度-效应关系。72 h时,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜干粉初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.3801x2+1.1636x,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜乙醇提取物初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.1445x2+1.4279x。羊栖菜粉末浓度达到1.6 g/L时,新月筒柱藻在3 d内全部死亡;乙醇提取物浓度达0.8 g/L时,藻细胞在2 d内全部死亡。由于乙醇提取物溶液的浓度是以提取前干粉质量表示,因此同等质量的羊栖菜粉末经过乙醇提取后其对新月筒柱藻生长的抑制作用明显高于未经提取的羊栖菜粉末。在1.6 g/L的羊栖菜乙醇提取物作用下数小时后,新月筒柱藻细胞核破裂,并逐渐向两端分散,至24 h时,细胞膜模糊,界限不清,细胞严重萎缩并逐渐碎裂解体。研究亮点:本研究发现大型海藻羊栖菜对冷水性赤潮藻新月筒柱藻的生长具有克生作用,羊栖菜乙醇提取物能明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨,为赤潮的生物防治提供理论基础,丰富了海洋化学生态学的研究内容。     

毛竹纯林长期经营对林地土壤肥力的影响

对竹木混交林和改为毛竹纯林处于不同经营时期的林地土壤肥力变化进行了调查分析。研究结果表明，竹木混交林土壤的自然肥力均高于相近地段上相同立地条件的毛竹纯林。毛竹纯林随经营的期延长，其土壤的自然肥力呈下降趋势，这是毛竹纯林的生长特性和经营方式决定的。     

BHK21悬浮细胞在2～8 ℃下短期保存的研究

用密度为5×106个/mL左右的BHK21悬浮细胞为实验原料,在2～8℃条件下静置保存,分别在24、48、72、96 h取样并计数,绘制细胞密度和细胞活力的曲线图,并进行统计学分析.在整个试验培养阶段细胞保持良好状态,趋势线呈平行直线,细胞密度和细胞活力均没有下降.说明BHK21悬浮细胞在2～8℃条件下,在96 h内短期保存时,细胞未出现活力降低或死亡的现象.