和田绿洲蒸发能力预测的多因素GM(1,3)模型

在灰关联分析的基础上，找出了影响和田绿洲蒸发能力变化的主要影响因子为平均气温与相对湿度。根据灰色GM（1，N）建模原理，对和田绿洲蒸发能力建立了GM（1，3）预测模型，经检验模型预测结果较好，同时也说明了GM（1，N）模型在中长期水文预报中的适用性。     

两次拟合灰色模型在中长期电力负荷预测中的运用

针对普通灰色预测模型在预测过程中当历史数据有较大波动时预测精度较差的问题，对两次拟合等维灰色预测模型进行研究，并对其进行改进，通过对华北某地区用电量的建模预测验证其有效性。两次拟合灰色预测模型是利用一次拟合的结果重新建模，经研究发现当历史数据有较大波动时，利用两次拟合灰色预测模型进行预测可以提高模型的精度。     

运用混沌理论制作长期灾害预报模型初探

为了提供准确的农业灾害预报，本研究运用混沌理论，以北京历年重大旱灾预报为例，构建了长期灾害混沌预报模型。该模型采用便于描绘混沌事件的三阶差分方程与多因子状态方程联立，模拟出北京市1955－2001年的历次旱灾事件发生过程。按照该模型规定的法则做重大旱灾预测比用单纯统计预测的准确率有显著提高。灾害混沌预报模型可作为长期灾害预测的新途径。     

长期定位施肥对土壤腐殖质理化性质的影响

 以潮土、旱地红壤和红壤性水稻土为研究对象 ,探讨了长期施肥对土壤腐殖质含量与性质的影响。结果表明 ,长期施肥不仅影响土壤腐殖质的含量与组成 ,还影响腐殖质的理化性质。施有机肥或有机无机肥配施降低潮土和旱地红壤胡敏酸的E4和E6值 ,提高红壤性水稻土胡敏酸的E4和E6值。单施化肥也能提高红壤性水稻土胡敏酸的E4和E6值 ,但对潮土和旱地红壤胡敏酸E4和E6值影响不大。长期施肥对土壤耕层富里酸可见光谱的影响与胡敏酸不同 ,施有机肥或有机无机肥配施均能提高 3种土壤富里酸的E4和E6值 ,单施化肥对 3种土壤富里酸的E4和E6值基本上没有影响。长期施肥也影响腐殖质的紫外吸收光谱 ,长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥配施均能提高 3种土壤胡敏酸和富里酸的紫外吸收光谱值 ,但这种作用只在短波长方向明显 ,随着波长的增加影响减小。单施化肥也可以提高富里酸的紫外吸收值 ,但只能提高潮土胡敏酸的紫外吸收值。长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥配施均能提高 3种土壤胡敏酸和富里酸的总酸性基、羧基和酚羟基含量 ,单施化肥对胡敏酸和富里酸含氧功能团含量的影响不大     

橡胶树花药愈伤组织继代培养与胚状体发生能力研究

利用橡胶树花药愈伤组织进行继代培养与胚状体诱导,结果表明,在诱导愈伤组织、继代培养和分化胚状体中MS培养基稍优于改良MS培养基;以继代1代的愈伤组织胚状体的诱导率最高,分别达到70.8%和67.5%;在继代0代、2代和3代之间差异达到极显著,在继代4代时差异达到显著,其他继代次数之间差异不显著。在继代8代后,两种培养基的诱导率逐渐升高,分别达到44.6%和35.3%。     

德国鸢尾新品种"魂断蓝桥"离体快繁的研究

以"魂断蓝桥"的花葶为外植体进行不定芽的诱导和继代增殖的研究。结果表明:将花葶分节点接种在MS+BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中,其不定芽的分化率最高;在继代增殖过程中,把带芽量为4~5个的外植体接种在MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中,继代周期为30 d,其增殖系数达到最大。     

Phosphate Fertilizers for Sugarcane Used at Pre-Planting (Phosphorus Fertilizer Application)

Phosphate applications are still rare in sugarcane cultivation and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of residual over. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization before sugarcane planting and its effect on sugarcane yield. The study was carried out over three crop cycles at the Jalles Machado sugar-mill in Goianésia, GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five different phosphorus sources (soluble and insoluble) applied at a rate of 300 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). The phosphorus fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, and magnesium term phosphate. The effects of these fertilizers were evaluated by plant height (ground to Top Visible Dewlap; TVD), leaf phosphorus content, agronomic efficiency, and sugarcane yield from cane-plants, first ratoon, and second ratoon. Magnesium term phosphate and triple superphosphate resulted in greater plant-cane height. Leaf phosphorus concentrations were highest with applications of MAP, magnesium term phosphate, and triple superphosphate. Phosphate applications did not affect sugarcane plant yield, but did increase ratoon yield. In general, the residual effect of insoluble phosphate increased over the years. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of phosphate was (in descending order): triple superphosphate (100%), term phosphate (89%), MAP (80%), Itafós rock phosphate (67%), and Arad rock phosphate (60%).     

甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养试管苗的保存和壮苗技术

以甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养再生植株为材料,研究多效唑在试管苗继代和移栽中的应用.试验发现多效唑能明显抑制油菜试管苗的株高.经0.325mg/l多效唑处理的试管苗壮苗作用最明显,后期移栽方便,成活率提高.在添加多效唑的斜面培养基中多次添加液体培养基可免除继代工作,并且将试管苗保存时间延长到144d以上.     

Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments

The demand for information on cropping system impact on soil organic matter (SOM) calls for efforts to improve the utilization of short‐term field experiments (e.g., to evaluate the parameterization of cropping systems in models). Those approaches have coped with the problem of determining small SOM changes within a large background mass. Thus, objectives of this survey are (1) the improvement of the minimum detectable difference (MDD) in SOM in the hudycrop short‐term field experiment by methods of sampling design and data treatment, (2) the verification to what extend the hudycrop short‐term field experiment allows for the determination of management induced effects on SOM, and (3) the investigation to what extent the obtained results may be suitable to evaluate the parameterization of a SOM balance model. The design of the hudycrop is suitable for excluding outliers plotwise. The estimation of plot means can be improved by the sampling design. Instead of determining a single plot mean in a mixed sampling procedure, the design provides multiple values for each plot, allowing for the identification of extreme values before calculating plot means. In consequence, minimum detectable differences decrease by a factor of 0.53 for soil organic C (SOC) and 0.63 for soil total N (STN) masses, allowing for detection of changes in the magnitude of 3.7 and 2.6% of background SOC and STN levels, respectively. Differences between treatments, however, are significant with corrected values (after outlier exclusion) for the crop production systems with the highest impact (potatoes and mulched red clover). Determining outliers based on Student's t‐test gives the lowest MDD and is therefore considered to be the most suitable method in this case. Correlations between apparent changes and SOM balances according to the HU‐MOD–2 model, used in this survey, indicate that the experimental design, in principal, is suitable for the evaluation of the parameterization of crop production systems in models. Still, an improved precision in SOM change detection is necessary. Reasonable options for that purpose are discussed in the paper.     

《中国图书馆分类法》第4、5版中的“心理疗法”类目设置

指出《中国图书馆分类法》第4、5版中“心理疗法”类目设置不科学、类名不一致、主题词款目用代关系不正确及主题词—分类号对应错误等问题,提出“心理疗法”应设置成R45西医治疗学的下位类,类名统一使用“心理疗法”,款目主题词应改为“心理疗法”,其下的用代关系改为“D精神疗法”。