培养基和继代时间对番茄叶片愈伤组织诱导和芽分化的影响

对两种番茄品种樱红和J07进行了筛选最佳培养基和培养条件的研究结果表明：樱红的叶片外植体在附加激素6-BA 1.0mg/L＋IAA 0.1mg/L的改良MS培养基中诱导直接分化芽的能力最强,继代时间为12d时褐化最轻;而最适合J07叶片外植体分化的培养基为附加激素6-BA 1.0mg/L＋IAA 0.2mg/L的改良MS培养基,最佳继代时间为20d。     

湿地松组培继代增殖的影响因子

以湿地松抗病家系和非抗病家系的成熟合子胚为外植体,以不同的基本培养基成分、不同的激素成分及浓度配比和不同的培养方式,研究湿地松离体培养继代增殖的关键技术及主要影响因子。     

ASSESSING LAND DEGRADATION RISK THROUGH THE LONG‐TERM ANALYSIS OF EROSIVITY: A CASE STUDY IN SOUTHERN SPAIN

Despite the high variability of the precipitation regime characterizing the Mediterranean area, the records of rainfall depth are usually not appropriate for long‐term calculations of erosivity and soil losses, because they do not reveal details of short lengths or long durations (daily, monthly). In this work, we present a simple approach to calculate annual erosivity through monthly precipitation records. The study area (olive groves on steep slopes) has a high erosion risk associated to the main soil land use, combined with an irregular and erosive rainfall regime. The relationships between rainfall data at intervals of 10 min for a period of 3 years, daily rainfall records over 10 years and a long‐term monthly dataset of 60 years were checked to calculate the annual erosivity values through daily data, Fourier's index and modified Fourier's index values. A good, adjusted linear relationship between modified Fourier's index and the erosivity was found, which allowed us to optimize the use of the 60‐year monthly data series and to carry out a long‐term analysis of the erosivity quantiles in the study area. The estimated mean erosivity showed a return period of between 2 and 5 years and a variation coefficient of over 50 per cent, which illustrate its high variability and frequency. This approach to calculate erosivity and the use of quantiles could be applied in other areas with month‐long data series in order to study and model the erosion risk using suitable temporal periods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加快橡胶花药植株推广应用的几种方法探讨

本文讨论了以下5种加快橡胶花药植株推广应用的方法 1.通过愈伤组织的继代培养1—2次,出苗率可提高近1倍; 2.通过花药植株的试管微体扦插,一个叶蓬的茎段有可能发育成为一株植株; 3.在试管以花药植株为接穗进行微体嫁接,一个芽眼有可能成为一棵植株; 4.刚抽茎的非完整植株大田嫁接,可以成活并萌发成芽接苗; 5.改进移栽技术,提高移栽成活率。     

厚壁毛竹六个节气笋芽发育的转录组分析

厚壁毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis‘Pachyloen’)是目前发现的毛竹多个变异类型中唯一一个有用材价值的优良新品种,但其分子遗传机制目前还未知。利用第二代高通量测序技术从霜降节气开始,对从霜降、大寒、冬至、雨水、春分、谷雨6个节气采集的厚壁毛竹笋芽分别进行转录组测序,共捕获30 555个基因,基因平均覆盖率为79%。将不同节气的竹笋转录组进行两两比较,首次证实厚壁毛竹笋在不同节气基因表达有差异,其差异表达基因数从2 288~12 991,进一步将这些差异表达基因进行了GO功能注释和KEGG Pathway富集性分析,并初步报道了DNA复制、类胡萝卜素生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢3个代谢通路的基因表达模式,在一定程度上解析了厚壁毛竹"竹壁特厚"等种质性状的分子调控模式及其机制。     

Relationship of bite mass of cattle to sward structure of four temperate grasses in short‐term grazing sessions

The effect of sward structure of four temperate grass species on the bite mass of cattle was evaluated. Micro‐swards (79 cm × 47 cm; approximately the area of a feeding station) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould], meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv] and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were offered to Holstein dairy cows in short‐term grazing sessions in 2006 and 2007 using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were allowed to take fifty bites in each session. Bite mass was calculated by dividing the adjusted change in weight of the micro‐sward by the number of bites. Sward surface height, bulk density and distribution of herbage dry matter (DM) in the canopy were measured pre‐ and post‐grazing. Sward structure differed among the grass species within years but bite mass (on a fresh or DM basis) was not affected. Higher surface heights and bulk densities in 2006 compared with 2007 (averaged across grass species) resulted in greater bite masses of DM in 2006. Values were 25·7 cm vs. 17·0 cm for surface height; 1219 g m^?3 vs. 926 g m^?3 for bulk density; and 1·05 g DM bite^?1 vs. 0·50 g DM bite^?1 for 2006 and 2007 respectively. Within the context of this study, differences between years in bite mass, associated with greater changes in sward structure, were more important than differences among grass species.     

葡萄松散型愈伤组织的培养及其白藜芦醇含量的测定

【目的】获得葡萄(Vitisvini fera L.)松散型愈伤组织,并了解其白藜芦醇含量的变化。【方法】以葡萄的叶、叶柄和茎分别作为外植体,在不同激素组合(6-卞氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、激动素(KT)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D))的培养基(以B5培养基为基本培养基,含30g/L蔗糖和6g/L琼脂)上,进行愈伤组织的诱导和继代培养,并利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同来源愈伤组织中的白藜芦醇含量进行测定。【结果】以葡萄叶为外植体时,诱导的愈伤组织出愈率很低;以叶柄和茎为外植体时,愈伤组织的出愈率均较高。利用叶柄和茎获得松散愈伤组织时,其诱导培养基组成分别是:B5培养基+6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L和B5培养基+6-BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L,其继代培养基均为B5培养基+6-BA1.0mg/L+2,4-D0.1mg/L。在诱导培养基产生的愈伤组织中,白藜芦醇含量由高到低的顺序为叶柄>叶>茎。以叶、叶柄和茎为外植体诱导愈伤组织时,其白藜芦醇含量最高的培养基分别为B5培养基+6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L、B5培养基+6-BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L和B5培养基+6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L。【结论】葡萄叶柄和茎易被诱导产生松散的愈伤组织,且经多次继代可以用于建立悬浮培养体系;葡萄愈伤组织中的白藜芦醇含量随外植体及培养基组成的不同而有所差异。     

用1／N展开技术研究汞核的能谱和B(E2)

用１／Ｎ展开法加上自洽Ｑ框架的ｓｄＩＢＭ１研究比Ｈｆ更重一些的中等质量核的Ｈｇ的同位素的能谱,计算了＾１８６Ｈｇ基带的几个Ｂ（Ｅ２）值,有一定程度的符合,高激发态符合得较好,特别是能正确反映出Ｂ（Ｅ２）值随能级谱化的趋势,而且只用了很少的可调参数去拟合大量数据,注意到值随能级变化的趋势,而且只用了很少的可调参数去拟合大量数据。注意到Ｈｇ核的质子数Ｚ＝８０,很接满壳层,可见１／Ｎ展开展理论适用于很大     

轮伐期对杉木人工林地力维护的影响

通过对全国杉木中心产区不同发育阶段杉木人工林生长及生物量的调查,研究轮伐期对杉木人工林生物量及养分分布规律的影响,结果表明：不同轮伐期经营的杉木林林分生物量及其养分分配规律存在差异,随年龄阶段的提高,杉木枝、叶、根、边材及林冠所占比例逐年下降,干、皮和心材比例逐年增加,边材／心材及林冠／树干比例下降,轮伐期越短,每采伐单位杉木干物质所带走的养分越多,对地力的消耗越严重;同时短轮伐期还造成采伐、炼山     

南方酸化红壤钾素淋溶对施石灰的响应

为探究石灰施用的长期和短期效应对酸化红壤钾素的影响,依托始于1990年的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益监测长期定位试验,选取化肥氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾配施+半量秸秆还田(NPKS)及其增加常量石灰(NPL、NPKL、NPKSL)6个处理。室内土柱淋溶试验设置0 L、0.5 L、1 L和1.5 L石灰施用量,监测田间和淋溶后0～50 cm土层速效钾和缓效钾含量、pH及淋溶液中钾离子(K⁺)含量的变化。结果表明:1)施用石灰4年后,与NPKS、NPK、NP相比,各处理均增加了相应土层的缓效钾含量;NPKSL和NPL处理分别增加了0～40 cm和0～10 cm速效钾含量,增幅分别为2.06%～36.39%和27.26%。2)石灰施用量相同,各处理土壤累积K⁺淋溶量由大到小依次为NPKS处理、NPK处理和NP处理。施用石灰减少了NPKS和NPK处理淋溶液中累积K⁺含量,降幅为18.10%～57.70%,且K⁺淋溶率也下降。3)施石灰提高了表层土壤pH;土壤中钾素盈余情况下,石灰当季施用量每增...