利用生态技术防制动物寄生虫病展望

利用生态技术防制动物寄生虫病是一门新兴学科。搞好生态防制要全面掌握动物患寄生虫的生态原因,进行寄生虫流行病学调查及资料收集,确定发生寄生虫病的关键生态因子,查清各种动物寄生虫、传播媒介和中间宿主之间的关系。制定出相应的防制对策,采用生态学防制的方法,使用高新技术来影响和控制致病因子,建立动物寄生虫病预测预报制度和生态防制系统,实现真正意义上的防重于治。     

Effects of different diets on viability, and gut morphology and bacteriology in captive willow ptarmigan chicks (Lagopus L. lagopus)

Young willow ptarmigan chicks were fed an artificial chick diet (ACD), and different supplements. One group got ascorbic acid supplements, another neomycin and Oxytetracyclin in the water, and a third was given ascorbic acid and sprouts of Vaccinium myrtillus. Chicks that were fed ACD only, showed low weight gain and high mortality rate. The numbers of bacteria in the gut were high and the incidence of villous epithelium erosion and bacteria colonizing the gut epithelium were high.Admixture of ascorbic acid to the diet improved the viability of the chicks and reduced the number of coliforms in the gut.Antibiotics in the water reduced the number of C. perfringens, enterococci and coliforms in the gut, and improved the gut epithelium conditions.Combined supplements of ascorbic acid and Vaccinium myrtillus resulted in strongly viable chicks with healthy gut epithelium. C. perfringens was not demonstrated in the gut, and the numbers of enterococci and coliforms were low.     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.     

水分胁迫及复水对虉草生理生化特性的影响

通过温室盆栽控水试验,研究了虉草在自然干旱与复水过程中生理生化指标的变化规律,旨在探讨虉草对于水分变化的响应特性及耐旱能力。结果显示,1)干旱胁迫期间,尽管土壤含水量下降迅速,但是叶片相对含水量在水分胁迫前8 d仍维持在正常水平,直到第12天时才显著下降。2)在持续干旱过程中,可溶性蛋白与丙二醛含量不断增加。3)叶绿素、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量及Chla/Chlb与Car/Chl的比值整体上均随干旱胁迫时间的延长而呈上升趋势。4)干旱胁迫后期,叶绿素荧光参数Fo、NPQ增加,Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo与qP均有所下降。5)复水后,各指标均能迅速得到不同程度恢复。研究结果初步表明,虉草具备较强的保护与损伤修复能力,使其能够适应较大程度的干旱逆境。     

大通县长宁镇退耕还林(草)后续产业探讨

分析了退耕还林(草)现状,结果表明,退耕还林草的后续产业发展不足,提出发展退耕还林草的后续产业对策。     

春秋兼用家蚕新品种“春华×秋实”的育成

以丝质优、耐氟污染性能较强的品种为育种材料,采用常规杂交育种方法,育成一对春秋兼用的中丝量家蚕新品种春华×秋实。浙江省蚕品种实验室共同鉴定和农村试养鉴定表明该品种具有以下特点:孵化、眠起、老熟齐一,体质强健好养,茧型较大,产量高;茧丝质优良,春期饲养茧层率23.46%,鲜茧出丝率17.54%,茧丝长1 263 m,解舒率83.52%,纤度2.773 dtex,洁净94.50分;综合经济性状优良,与对照品种菁松×皓月相比,万蚕产茧量提高7.0%,与对照品种秋丰×白玉相比,万蚕产茧量、万蚕茧层量、茧丝长、解舒丝长、鲜茧出丝率分别提高1.7%、8.9%、9.0%、6.6%、8.1%。新品种已通过浙江省农作物品种审定,适合在浙江省及长江中下游蚕区推广饲养。     

对12批市售阿莫西林产品监察结果的思考

对市售12批阿莫西林产品进行监督检查,结果含量均不符合规定,并存在企业伪造GMP证、套用兽药产品批准文号、擅自使用未批准的商品名等违规现象.本文从兽药产品文号、主要成分含量、成分、标签和说明书等方面分析产生的原因,并提出了加强管理的意见.     

齐卡肉兔配套品系的引种试验

对引入青海省西宁地区的齐卡肉兔进行了纯种扩群，并测定了它们的生长发育指标和繁殖性能，结果表明，齐卡肉兔在西宁地区表现出了良好的适应性。     

超声改善氨化稻秸纤维结构工艺优化及其对瘤胃降解特性的影响

试验旨在研究超声改善氨化稻秸纤维结构工艺优化及其对瘤胃降解特性的影响。采用响应面设计优化氨化稻秸纤维的超声水平,以中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）含量为响应值建立多元二次回归数学模型,得到最佳超声水平,并测定最佳超声水平下氨化稻秸与未处理氨化稻秸中营养成分的含量。利用尼龙袋法测定上述样品在奶牛瘤胃中干物质（DM）、NDF及ADF的降解率,得到各营养成分的动态降解参数。结果显示,氨化稻秸的最佳超声水平为超声功率112 W,超声时间17.3 min,液固比10.7：1,容器内声功率密度1.317 W/mL,在此超声水平下的氨化稻秸ADF和ADL含量的最小值分别为43.75%、7.95%,显著低于超声前（P<0.05）,实际结果与模型预测接近,说明该模型可行。与超声前相比,氨化稻秸ADF降低了6.64%,ADL降低了11.38%。在瘤胃降解试验中,超声处理后的氨化稻秸DM、NDF、ADF的慢速降解部分（b）、潜在降解部分（d）和有效降解率（ED）均得到极显著提高（P<0.01）,其中DM、NDF和ADF的慢速降解部分分别提高了36.52%、30.06%和22.19%,潜在降解部分分别提高了27.15%、28.56%和21.35%,有效降解率分别提高了25.09%、24.98%和24.00%。综上所述,适宜的超声处理可以降低氨化稻秸中ADF和ADL的含量,提高有效降解率。     

Pb胁迫下内生真菌侵染对德兰臭草生长及生理的影响

采用盆栽试验,对带菌(E+)和不带菌(E-)的德兰臭草进行不同浓度的铅(Pb)胁迫处理,探究Pb胁迫下内生真菌侵染对德兰臭草生长及生理的影响。结果表明,随着Pb浓度的升高,德兰臭草的株高呈现先增加后减少的趋势,当胁迫浓度达到1500 mg·L^-1时,德兰臭草的株高受到了显著的抑制,且根鲜重的下降幅度最大,显著低于对照82.5%(P<0.05);德兰臭草叶片中MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05),在胁迫浓度为2000 mg·L^-1时,E+植株MDA含量显著高于对照87.3%(P<0.05);德兰臭草体内的脯氨酸含量也呈现先增加后减少的趋势,当胁迫浓度达到500 mg·L^-1时,E+植株脯氨酸含量显著高于对照35.2%(P<0.05)。与不带菌植株相比,E+植株地上和地下的生物量均高于E-植株;E+德兰臭草的MDA显著低于E-(P<0.05),在Pb浓度为2000 mg·L^-1时,E+植株的MDA含量显著低于E-25.0%(P<0.05);E+植株的脯氨酸含量在Pb浓度为1500 mg·L^-1时显著高于E-植株84.1%(P<0.05)。总的来说,感染内生真菌的德兰臭草减轻了Pb对宿主的毒害,增强其对重金属Pb胁迫的生理生化适应能力。