千岛湖消落带植被重建区野生动物红外相机监测初报

以千岛湖消落带植被重建区为研究区域,利用红外相机对消落带植被区内的主要野生动物进行了初步调查,结果表明:8台红外相机累计738个总有效监测日共拍摄个体独立照片83张,全部为省级一般保护动物其中野猪(Sus scrofa)照片81张,鼬獾(Melogale moschata)2张。千岛湖库区消落带植被重建后为地栖兽类活动增加了栖息空间,与自然针阔混交林相比没有差异,而在无植被的库区消落带则没有拍摄到野生动物,消落带植被重建效果初显。     

广西海岸带天然林群落多样性及种间联结性

以广西东兴市竹山村滨海天然群落为对象,采用物种重要值(IV)、丰富度指数(S),Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)和Simpson多样性指数(D),Pielou均匀度指数(J_sw)研究群落结构和物种多样性;采用方差比率法,通过基于2×2列联表对χ~2进行检验以及引入种间联结系数AC和共同出现率PC的方法,对乔木层的15个优势种群和灌木层的12个优势种群的种间联结性进行了研究。结果表明,S、H′和D均表现为灌木层>乔木层>草本层,三者变化趋势较为一致;乔木层J_sw最高,灌木层次之,草本层最低;乔木层主要种群总体上表现为负关联,灌木层则表现为正关联,均达到显著水平。不同的检验结果表明,乔木层主要树种间负相关的种对多,灌木层则相反,乔木层和灌木层植物种间联结性不显著的物种对较多,联结强度也不高,本区木本植物种对间独立性较强,在种间关系上表现松散。     

海西区战略视角下的福建省自主创新发展研究

建设海峡西岸经济区战略把科技创新尤其是自主创新摆到十分突出的位置,是关系到海西经济可持续发展的重大战略抉择。本文分析了福建省自主创新发展现状与存在的问题,探讨了在未来较长时期福建省自主创新的方式和战略重点,并从科技经费投入、政策制度完善、科技平台搭建、人才队伍建设、创新环境营造等方面提出了推进福建省自主创新的对策措施。     

Evaluation of site-specific management zones on a farm with 124 contiguous small paddy fields in a multiple-cropping system

The identification of homogeneous management zones (MZs) within a field is a basis for site-specific management (SSM). We assessed the method of defining MZs based on the spatio-temporal homogeneity of six soil properties and above-ground biomass data from paddy rice, winter wheat and soybean over 3 years on a farm with 124 contiguous small paddy fields. The soil data were recorded at 372 soil sampling sites on a rectangular grid over the farm. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to the soil data and the algorithm grouped the sites into three clusters with similar soil properties. These clusters represent soil fertility and soil drainage. The three clusters were not randomly distributed across the fields, but formed contiguous areas associated with landscape position. This was due to the spatial variation of the soil in the study area. We delineated five MZs based on the spatial structure of the soil heterogeneity of the study area. The validity of the MZs was evaluated using the biomass data from paddy rice, winter wheat and soybean in each MZ; this depended mainly on soil fertility when conditions were dry. When the growing season precipitation was greater than the 10-year average, the biomass of winter wheat and soybean depended on soil drainage. This suggested that the delineation of MZs for site-specific management in fields under a paddy-upland crop rotation system should be based on several soil properties. The biomass data from the three crops over 3 years was not effective for delimiting MZs.     

雁门关生态畜牧经济区牧草栽培区划

雁门关生态畜牧经济区建设是山西省农业结构战略性调整的重大举措,而加快该地区的草地建设速度又是本项事务的重中之重。结合雁门关区所处的地理位置、自然资源概况及农牧业生产现状,将雁门关生态畜牧经济区牧草栽培区划分为:恒山苜蓿、沙打旺、小冠花、无芒雀麦区,晋北盆地苜蓿、沙打旺、新麦草区,晋西北防风固沙柠条、沙打旺、冰草区以及吕梁山苜蓿、红豆草、小冠花区四个区。     

渭北高原苹果根区土壤养分变化及对果树再植植株生长的影响

对渭北高原地区苹果园距树干横向水平0～200 cm、纵向垂直0～80 cm土层深度范围内的果树根区空间土壤养分的盈亏变化进行了研究,并结合盆栽试验,分析了不同根区土壤对苹果再植植株的影响。结果表明: 在水平方向上,随距树干距离的增加,土壤养分含量呈增高趋势;垂直方向上,除水溶性Ca、Mg外,其他养分随土层加深呈下降趋势。果园根区土壤速效P、水溶性Ca、水溶性Mg、有效Zn、有效Mn有亏缺现象,N/P、K/P、Ca/P、Ca/Mg、Ca/Mn、Ca/Zn存在养分比例失调。果园土壤的盆栽幼树株高、新梢长度、粗度、叶面积和根活力较生茬土壤的分别减少44.93%、34.46%、23.88%、49.48%和11.40%,表现明显的重茬障碍症状,土层愈深的土壤,症状愈重,距树干愈远的土壤,症状愈轻。果园土壤中Zn元素亏缺和Ca/Zn比例失调可能是造成渭北高原苹果再植病害发生的重要原因之一。距树干横向水平100～200 cm、纵向垂直0～40 cm土层土壤养分含量较高,盆栽幼树再植病害较轻,是老果园更新再植应选择的栽植区域。     

几个CIMMYT热带群体与中国温带玉米自交系杂种优势的关系

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,研究了来自CIMMYT的5个热带群体与12个中国温带骨干自交系的杂种优势表现。结果显示,热带群体Pop49（Tuxpeno）、Pop32（ETO）、Popstay-green和PooB4与近年来选自外引种质的P群自交系的平均产量表现较突出,其中群体Pop49与之的平均产量表现最突出;热带群体Suwan-1则与中国温带传统骨干系有着较为突出的平均产量表现。配合力分析表明,P群自交系与群体Suwan-1的sca（特殊配合力）水平较低,中国传统温带骨干系与群体Suwan-1的sea水平均较高。这表明P群自交系与群体Suwan-1则有相近的遗传背景。在温带适应性较好的P群自交系可以作为热带种质Suwan-1快速有效导入温带种质的桥梁;中国传统骨干温带骨干系则与群体Suwan-1的遗传关系较远,Suwan-1热带种质在温带可与传统温带种质构成重要杂种优势模式;群体Popstay-green和Pop49的产量gca（一般配合力）为正值较高,表现出较高的利用潜力。研究结果为更好的利用来自CIMMYT的5个热带群体提供了有用的信息。     

桃源县雪峰山生态茶叶产业带发展的对策

本文对雪峰山茶叶产业带的发展,提出了六条对策:一是加强对茶叶产业带的领导和投入力度;二是完善质量监测体系,推行标准化生产;三是树人立本,科学培训,提高茶农整体素质;四是加大精品名牌整合,提高野茶王的知名度;五是加快市场营销建设,拓展产品流通渠道;六是弘扬茶文化,提升茶品位。     

Time-dependent drainage from root zone and drainage coefficient under different irrigation management levels for subsurface drainage design in Egypt

Drainage water from the lower boundary of the root zone is an important factor in the irrigated agricultural lands for prediction of the water table behavior and understanding and modeling of water and chemical movement in the soil profile. The drainage coefficient is an important parameter for the design of subsurface drainage. On a 33,138 ha of the Nile Delta in Egypt, this study is conducted using 90 irrigation periods over a 3-year crop rotation to estimate the time-dependent drainage from the root zone and the design subsurface drainage coefficient with different cropping seasons and irrigation management levels.The results showed that the cropping seasons and the irrigation management levels as indicated by different irrigation efficiency are significantly affected the drainage rate from the root zone and the design value of subsurface drainage coefficient. Drainage rates from the root zone of 1.72 mm/d and 0.82 mm/d were estimated for summer and winter seasons, respectively. These rates significantly decreased in a range of 46% to 92% during summer season and 60% to 98% during winter season when the irrigation efficiency is increased in a range of 5% to 15%. The subsurface drainage coefficient was estimated to be 1.09 mm/d whereas the design drain pipe capacity was estimated to be 2.2 mm/d, based on the peak discharge of the most critical crop (maize), rather than 4.0 mm/d which is currently used. A significant decrease of the drainage coefficient and the drain pipe capacity ranges from 18% to 45% was found with the increase of irrigation efficiency in a range of 5% to 15%. The leaching requirement for each crop was also estimated.     

亚热带北缘油茶引种研究

通过对在南郑县引种的１５年生油茶的引种观测数据分析,从引种到陕南的１０个油茶种中,筛选出攸县油茶,浙江红花油茶和腾冲红花油茶等３个种,它们挂果早,经济性状优于当地普通油茶。腾冲红花油茶在海拔７００ｍ以下尚为首次引种。