从人文精神的角度看海峡西岸经济区和谐建设

人文精神的状况是判断一个社会、一个地区是否和谐的标准。在海峡西岸经济区建设中，必须具备良好的文化环境，塑造人文精神，实现人文精神的升华是必然要求。本文拟从人文精神的角度，从海峡西岸经济区当前的现实状况出发，来阐述人文精神在海峡西岸经济区和谐建设中的重要地位，并指出其在海峡西岸经济区和谐建设中的建构策略。     

实施保护性耕作对保护黑土带的效应

采用保护性耕作措施及其以根茬留田为主要的技术环节,论证了根茬留田的保土肥田效应。垄作少耕、根茬留田可以减轻水土流失,保护黑土层不受侵蚀,特别是干旱春季保墒效果良好,有利于一次播种保全苗,同时发挥着未腐解有机物的培肥效应;增强土壤生物活性,更新土壤中已渐老化的腐殖质,提高土壤保肥供肥性能,保持和增进地力。     

兴安落叶松林下冻土中硒元素的分布规律研究

本文通过对我国典型寒温带兴安落叶松林区的原始林、皆伐林、原始湿地3种生态系统冻土中硒元素含量以及影响硒元素含量因素的研究,为了解大兴安岭林区兴安落叶松林(原始林、皆伐林)和原始湿地冻土中的养分状况,以及硒元素含量对兴安落叶松生长发育的影响提供资料。结论如下:①3种生态系统冻土中硒元素含量范围0.010mg/kg~0.208mg/kg,有机质含量范围14g/kg~240g/kg;②对冻土中硒元素含量的影响程度由大到小的因素为土壤层次、生态系统、坡向和坡位;③硒元素含量表层最高,向下含量逐渐减少;④3种生态系统硒元素含量由高到低的顺序为原始湿地、原始林、皆伐林,坡向和坡位对硒元素含量影响不显著。     

土壤类型对凉山烤烟品质的影响

以云烟87为材料,在盐源烟区选取5种不同类型土壤进行烤烟大田栽培,研究了四川凉山土壤类型对烤烟主要化学成分、中性致香物质及内在质量的影响。结果表明,参试土壤钙、镁含量较丰富,明显缺氯;紫色土、红壤、黄壤、沉积土等明显缺钾和氮;水稻土和沉积土缺磷。不同土壤烤后烟叶化学成分有差异,水稻土和紫色土上烤后烟叶烟碱、总氮含量较高,糖含量较低,基本符合优质烟叶质量标准;红壤、紫色土和黄壤上烤后烟叶钾含量相对较高,接近优质烟叶钾含量;沉积土、水稻土和红壤上烤后烟叶氯含量较高,接近优质烟叶氯含量。不同土壤烤后烟叶致香物质含量差异较大,黄壤和红壤上烤后烟叶苯丙氨酸类降解产物含量较高;黄壤、红壤和水稻土上烤后烟叶类西柏烷类产物含量较高;水稻土、紫色土和红壤上烤后烟叶质体色素降解产物含量及致香成分总量较高。不同土壤烤后烟叶内在质量存在一定的差异,由高到低对应的植烟土壤依次为:紫色土、红壤、黄壤、沉积土、水稻土。     

我国海岸带综合管理的探索性研究

近年来,随着海岸带地区环境恶化、资源破坏、灾害频发和人口剧增,我国海岸带所受到的危害也不断增多。作为一种有效的海洋管理机制,海岸带综合管理日益受到包括我国在内的各国的重视。基于海岸带综合管理的概念及其特征,主要从3个方面阐述了目前我国海岸带综合管理的现状及问题,并据此结合美国的海岸带综合管理经验研究,分析提出了4个方面的对策和建议:有关海岸带管理边界划定的建议;有关我国海岸带管理协调机制的建议;有关我国海岸带管理立法的建议;有关公众参与的建议。     

Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth: analysis of time dynamics

In a 2‐year field experiment, morphological development and measures of the nutritive value of herbage for livestock during primary growth in Meadow foxtail, Tall oatgrass, Cocksfoot, Perennial ryegrass and Yorkshire fog were investigated. All measured variables were affected significantly by both species and sampling date, and their interaction (P < 0·001), in the period of primary growth. Changes with time in mean stage weight for Meadow foxtail and Cocksfoot were different from the other species due to their indeterminate growth habits. Mean stage weight of Tall oatgrass and Yorkshire fog increased more rapidly than that of Perennial ryegrass with time. Changes in mean stage weight with time were described by linear, parabolic and sigmoid relationships. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage was higher for Cocksfoot and Meadow foxtail than for Perennial ryegrass. A parabolic relationship of CP concentration with time was typical for all the species. Concentrations of neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) and acid‐detergent fibre (ADF) in herbage of the species differed most during the mid‐period of primary growth. Their increases with time showed curvilinear (sigmoid and parabolic) relationships. Perennial ryegrass had lower concentrations of both NDF and ADF in herbage than the other species. Differences between the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility among the grasses increased in mid‐ and late periods of primary growth. Perennial ryegrass had higher values for in vitro DM digestibility but the difference from other species was small in the early period of primary growth and from cocksfoot in the late period of primary growth. In vitro DM digestibility showed, in most cases, a sigmoid and, in others, a linear decrease with time. Principal component analysis showed that perennial ryegrass and meadow foxtail were the most distinctive of the species in characteristics relating to morphological development and the nutritive value of herbage to livestock.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区粮食产量的影响因素分析

鄱阳湖生态经济区是中国南方粮食生产的重要区域,为推进鄱阳湖生态经济区战略,保障粮食生产,加快发展现代农业,利用鄱阳湖生态经济区域内25个县市的粮食产量的相关数据进行相关分析、主成分分析和通径分析,探讨影响鄱阳湖生态经济区粮食产量的主要影响因素。研究结果表明,粮食作物播种面积的影响最大,其次是有效灌溉面积和化肥使用量（折纯量）。鄱阳湖生态经济区的粮食生产在农业科技投入上仍需加强,同时要处理好粮食生产与保护生态环境之间的关系,大力发展可持续的新型生态农业。     

论集体林区林地产权制度变迁的路径

林地产权制度改革是实现林业可持续发展的需要。文中在分析集体林区林地产权制度缺陷的基础上,提出了林地产权制度变迁的路径。     

Comparison of image and rapid field assessments of riparian zone condition in Australian tropical savannas

Suitable methods for measuring and monitoring the condition of riparian environments are being investigated by government agencies responsible for maintaining these environments in Australia. The objective of this work was to compare two riparian condition assessment approaches, the Tropical Rapid Appraisal of Riparian Condition (TRARC) method developed for rapid on-ground assessment of the environmental condition of savanna riparian zones and an image based riparian condition monitoring scheme. Measurements derived from these two approaches were compared and correlated. The sample representativeness of the TRARC method was evaluated and the cost-effectiveness and suitability for multi-temporal analysis of the two approaches were assessed. Two high spatial resolution multi-spectral QuickBird satellite images captured in 2004 and 2005 and coincident field data covering sections of the Daly River in the Northern Territory, Australia were used in this work. Both field and image data were processed to map indicators of riparian zone condition including percentage canopy cover, organic litter on the ground, canopy continuity, tree clearing, bank stability, and flood damage. Spectral vegetation indices, image segmentation, and supervised classification were used to produce riparian health indicator maps. QuickBird image data were used to examine if the spatial distribution of TRARC transects provided a representative sample of ground based estimates of riparian health indicators. Covering approximately 3% of the study area, the sample mean of the TRARC estimates of individual indicators of riparian zone condition were in most cases within 20% of the global mean derived from the whole imaged riparian area. The cost-effectiveness of the image based approach was compared to that of the ground based TRARC method. Results showed that the TRARC method was more cost-effective at spatial scales from 1 km to 200 km of river in relatively homogeneous riparian zones along rivers with only one channel, while image based assessment becomes more feasible at regional scales (200–2000 km of river). A change detection analysis demonstrated that image data can provide detailed information on gradual change, while the TRARC method is less suited for multi-temporal analysis due to the ranked data format, which inhibits precise detection of change. However, results from both methods were considered to complement each other for single date assessment of riparian zones if used at appropriate spatial scales.     

长春市双阳区建设田园城区的思考

本文根据田园城市理论,提出了长春市双阳区建设田园城区的发展理念,客观分析了双阳区建设田园城区的现实意义以及建设的必要性、可行性,提出了双阳区发展田园城区的空间发展格局和产业发展基本思路。