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971.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(3):355-361
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality. 相似文献
972.
973.
974.
Enhancement of photosynthesis and growth of tomato seedlings by forced ventilation within the canopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A forced ventilation system that directs airflow upward or downward within a canopy was developed for plant culture in order to enhance photosynthesis and growth of the plant canopy. Tomato seedling canopies including the seedlings, growing medium, and a plastic tray were used for the experiments. In the upward and downward ventilation systems, air flows upward and downward, respectively, within the plant canopy; this is achieved by blowing and drawing air from holes (Ø 6 mm) made in plastic pipes positioned on the surface of the growing medium. A horizontal airflow system was used as a conventional system to compare the performance of the experimental ventilation systems. Using the upward and downward ventilation systems, the effects of air directions and air velocities on the CO2 exchange rate of the tomato seedling canopy and the growth of the seedlings were compared with those observed using the conventional horizontal airflow system. The forced ventilation within the plant canopy enhanced the CO2 exchange rate of the canopy and the dry masses of the seedlings by 1.4–1.5 and 1.2–1.3 times, respectively, as compared to the conventional horizontal airflow. When the leaf area index (LAI) increased from 1.2 to 2.4, there was only a 5% decrease in the CO2 exchange rate per unit leaf area in the downward ventilation system, whereas there was a 20% decrease in the CO2 exchange rate per leaf area in the horizontal airflow system. The coefficient of variation for the dry mass of the seedlings was higher in the downward system than in the other systems. These results demonstrate that forced ventilation within the canopy is an effective technique to enhance the gas exchange of the plant canopy and the consequent plant growth. 相似文献
975.
The factors responsible for widespread declines of grassland birds in the United States are not well understood. This study,
conducted in the short-grass prairie of eastern Wyoming, was designed to investigate the relationship between variation in
habitat amount, landscape heterogeneity, prey resources, and spatial variation in grassland bird species richness. We estimated
bird richness over a 5-year period (1994–1998) from 29 Breeding Bird Survey locations. Estimated bird richness was modeled
as a function of landscape structure surrounding survey routes using satellite-based imagery (1996) and grasshopper density
and richness, a potentially important prey of grassland birds. Model specification progressed from simple to complex explanations
for spatial variation in bird richness. An information-theoretic approach was used to rank and select candidate models. Our
best model included measurements of habitat amount, habitat arrangement, landscape matrix, and prey diversity. Grassland bird
richness was positively associated with grassland habitat; was negatively associated with habitat dispersion; positively associated
with edge habitats; negatively associated with landscape matrix attributes that may restrict movement of grassland bird; and
positively related to grasshopper richness. Collectively, 62% of the spatial variation in grassland bird richness was accounted
for by the model (adj-R2 = 0.514). These results suggest that the distribution of grassland bird species is influenced by a complex mixture of factors
that include habitat area affects, landscape pattern and composition, and the availability of prey. 相似文献
976.
977.
采用传统的White trap法、Lowtek培养法、液体和固体培养4种方法繁殖异小杆线虫[Heterorhabditis bac-teriophora(Hb-1)]和斯氏线虫[Steinernemacarpocapsae(Sc-2)],测定和计算了线虫的产量、质量和成本。试验结果显示,4种方法培养对线虫侵染力和存活率有一定影响,但差异不显著(p<0.05),2种线虫从高到低的顺序为:White trap法>Lowtek法>固体培养>液体培养;产量最高的是固体培养法,其次是液体培养法,Lowtek法最低;繁殖成本从低到高的顺序为:Lowtek法<固体培养 相似文献
978.
S.H. Kim C.E. Niedziela Jr. P.V. Nelson A.A. De Hertogh W.H. Swallow N.C. Mingis 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1. 相似文献
979.
我国水果产销现状及其对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了我国水果生产和销售的现状,针对水果面积大、单产低、品质不高、销售不畅的实情,从稳定面积、提高质量、增加效益、开拓市场和依靠科技等方面提出了对策建议。 相似文献
980.
James E. Childs Laura E. Robinson Ramses Sadek Anthony Madden Mary Elizabeth Miranda Noel L. Miranda 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):207-218
We estimated the population density of dogs by distance sampling and assessed the potential utility of two marking methods for capture-mark-recapture applications following a mass canine rabies-vaccination campaign in Sorsogon Province, the Republic of the Philippines. Thirty villages selected to assess vaccine coverage and for dog surveys were visited 1 to 11 days after the vaccinating team. Measurements of the distance of dogs or groups of dogs from transect lines were obtained in 1088 instances (N = 1278 dogs; mean group SIZE = 1.2). Various functions modelling the probability of detection were fitted to a truncated distribution of distances of dogs from transect lines. A hazard rate model provided the best fit and an overall estimate of dog-population density of 468/km2 (95% confidence interval, 359 to 611). At vaccination, most dogs were marked with either a paint stick or a black plastic collar. Overall, 34.8% of 2167 and 28.5% of 2115 dogs could be accurately identified as wearing a collar or showing a paint mark; 49.1% of the dogs had either mark. Increasing time interval between vaccination-team visit and dog survey and increasing distance from transect line were inversely associated with the probability of observing a paint mark. Probability of observing a collar was positively associated with increasing estimated density of the dog population in a given village and with animals not associated with a house. The data indicate that distance sampling is a relatively simple and adaptable method for estimating dog-population density and is not prone to problems associated with meeting some model assumptions inherent to mark-recapture estimators. 相似文献