植保无人飞机作业参数对田外除草靶标区内外雾滴沉积规律的影响

雾滴大小、气象条件和施药装备的作业参数对雾滴的覆盖范围、靶标的吸附性能有影响。无人飞机(UAV)是目前有助于高效喷雾的现代施药技术装备。然而作业参数对靶标区和脱靶区的影响依然尚待确定。开展了田间试验并运用沉积扫描软件测定了在田外除草中不同飞行高度(2 m和3 m)和飞行速度(2 m/s和3 m/s)下雾滴的沉积量、覆盖密度、覆盖率和雾滴直径。结果表明,当无人飞机在处理T_1中以2 m/s速度、2 m高度飞行时,靶标区域平均沉积量最高,为2.29μL/cm~2,飞行航线中央0点位置的覆盖率达到36.19%。处理T_1、T_2、T_3和T_4在飞行航线中央的雾滴谱相对宽度分别为0.70、1.01、1.03、1.05。处理T_1体积中值直径(VMD,也即D_(v0.5))最大,为448.75μm;而处理T_4的D_(v0.5)最小,为238.95μm。单旋翼无人飞机在脱靶区的沉积量几乎可以忽略不计。本研究为无人飞机运营商、农民和生产企业提供了参考,从而优化航空植保技术在除草上的应用。     

后基因组时代基于选择导入系的水稻设计育种策略

近年来,水稻基因组学的发展突飞猛进,但如何将这些研究成果（丰富的基因组变异及功能基因克隆等）有效应用到复杂农艺性状的精准改良仍是设计育种面临的重大挑战和科学难题。经过多年实践证明,选择导入育种（breeding by selective introgression, BBSI）是有效解决这些问题的方法,这是一套基于精准遗传信息进行基因挖掘并同步改良多个复杂性状的设计育种策略。其主要包括：①构建大量携带优异性状的回交导入系群体,作为BBSI的材料平台;②基于全基因组测序和关联分析,构建精准的遗传信息平台;③通过设计“理想目标基因组型（ideal target genomic constitutions, ITGC）”和基因聚合方法,高效培育目标优良品种。介绍了BBSI的发展历程及在分子设计育种中的有效运用,尤其是如何利用分子数量遗传理论和全基因组变异来验证并丰富该策略,计划实施20年来已育成近百个绿色超级稻（green super rice, GSR）新品种,为后基因组时代作物育种的创新发展提供了重要理论和实践参考。     

我国实现既定碳排放强度的预测分析

基于1991—2011年的数据,采用多项式和趋势移动平均预测模型预测了2012—2020年我国的GDP和CO2排放量,并经过一定修正,预测2020年我国的单位GDP的碳排放量为1.68 t/万元,比2005年减排45%,达到我国提出的到2020年单位GDP的碳排放比2005年减排40%⁴5%的目标.     

Effect of Raptor on invasion ability of glioma cells

AIM：To study the influence of Raptor on the invasion ability of glioma cells. METHODS：The technique of RNA interference was used. U87 cells were transfected with Raptor restricted siRNA plasmid, and the expression level of Raptor in the transfected cells was detected by Western blotting. The invasive ability of the cancer cells in vitro was determined. The phosphorylation level of ARK5 and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blotting. The expression levels of Raptor in the tumor samples of low-grade gliomas (WTO grade I and grade II) and high-grade gliomas (WTO grade III and grade IV) were also analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS：Raptor siRNA was transfected into U87 cells and the cells were named siRaptor/U87 cells. The cells transfected with the control plasmid was named Scr/U87 cells. The expression level of Raptor in siRaptor/U87 cells was lower than that in Scr/U87 cells. The results of in vitro invasion assay showed that the number of siRaptor/U87 cells penetrating the Matrivgel matrix membrane was less than that of Scr/U87 cells (P＜0.01). The protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and phosphorylation of ARK5 protein in the cells in the experimental group were lower than those in control group. The correlation between the expression of Raptor in gliomas and the degree of deterioration was also observed (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION：The expression of Raptor may contribute to the invasion ability of glioma cells by phosphorylation of ARK5 and increase in the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.     

西藏昌都地区实施草场承包经营责任制的现状和对策

介绍了西藏昌都地区生态环境的基本状况和该地区草场承包经营责任制的发展过程,进一步认识到落实和完善草场承包经营责任制对该地区的重大意义,及其对昌都地区畜牧业发展的重要作用。科学分析了该地区发展草场承包经营责任制的必要性,以及实施草场承包经营责任制进程中存在的问题和所面临的困难,并提出了有利于进一步促进和完善该地区实施草场承包经营责任制的参考性建议。     

p53调控Nfkbiz基因表达的研究

核因子-κB（NF-κB）在炎症反应中起着关键的促进作用,并且受其他多种因素的调节。Nfkbiz基因编码的IκB？蛋白是IκB家族成员之一,在炎症反应中起着调节NF-κB的作用。本研究采用荧光实时定量PCR分析Nfkbiz基因的表达情况,发现在p53特定刺激源作用下Nfkbiz基因mRNA丰度显著降低。分析Nfkbiz基因序列,发现其基因中存在可能的p53反应元件,通过构建荧光素酶报告质粒及双荧光素酶报告试验和染色质免疫共沉淀试验,证明Nfkbiz基因中含有p53反应元件并且受p53蛋白调节。以上结果初步证明Nfkbiz是受p53蛋白负向调控的靶基因。     

Prediction and Expression Analysis of miRNAs Associated with Heat Stress in Oryza sativa

Computational prediction of potential microRNAs （miRNAs） and their target genes was performed to identify the miRNAs and genes associated with temperature response in rice. The data of temperature-responsive miRNAs of Arabidopsis, and miRNAs and the whole genome data of rice were used to predict potential miRNAs in Oryza sativa involved in temperature response. A total of 55 miRNAs were common in both the species, and 27 miRNAs were predicted at the first time in rice. Target genes were searched for these 27 miRNAs in rice genome following stringent criteria. Real time PCR based on expression analysis of nine miRNAs showed that majority of the miRNAs were down regulated under heat stress for rice cultivar Nagina 22. Furthermore, miR169, miR1884 and miR160 showed differential expression in root and shoot tissues of rice. Identification and expression studies of miRNAs during heat stress will advance the understanding of gene regulation under stress in rice.     

采用改进Mask R-CNN算法定位鲜食葡萄疏花夹持点

为实现鲜食葡萄疏花机械化与自动化,该研究提出了一种鲜食葡萄疏花夹持点定位方法。首先基于ResNeXt骨干网络并融合路径增强,改进Mask R-CNN模型,解决鲜食葡萄花穗、果梗目标较小难以检测的问题;进而针对花穗、果梗生长姿态的复杂性与不确定性,提出一种集合逻辑算法,该算法采用IoU函数剔除重复检测的花穗与果梗,建立花穗、果梗对,并对果梗掩模进行形态学开运算,利用集合关系获取主果梗掩模,确定以主果梗质心附近的中心点为果梗的夹持点。最后,随机选取测试集中的图像进行试验。试验结果表明：果梗夹持点平均定位准确率为83.3%,平均定位时间为0.325 s,夹持点x、y方向定位误差及定位总误差最大值分别为10、12和16像素,能够满足鲜食葡萄疏花的定位精度与速度要求,可为实现鲜食葡萄疏花机械化与自动化提供理论支撑。     

黄花蒿新品种选育现状及其系统选育研究进展

青蒿素及其衍生物被世界卫生组织和FDA列为抗疟疾一线药,而目前青蒿素只能从黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)中提取.育成的高含量青蒿素单株其优良性状不能稳定遗传,后代性状分离,表现多样化.介绍了国内外对黄花蒿品种的选育途径及现状.通过2010-2013年4年系统选育,已育成一批好苗头株系,株系群体青蒿素含量由选育前平均含量0.471％提高到0.800％～0.972％,生物学特征特性也趋于稳定一致,并在黄花蒿原料基地小面积示范得到验证,同时选育出青蒿素高含量株系40#-30-08-18,青蒿素含量高达1.945％,取得了阶段性育种成果.     

浅谈肃北县林地保护利用规划

文章从肃北县自然条件和林地资源现状出发,提出规划期内的林地保护利用目标、林地结构与布局、林地用途管制和林地保护分级管理。