Effects of Cement Additives on Properties of CSA Cement from MSWI

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI) was successfully used as raw material in sintering and preparing a calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker in laboratory. The effects of different types and different addition percentages of cement additives on compressive strength and hydration properties were investigated. The results showed that lime (LI) powder / slag (SL) powder was compatible in CSA cement system while the activities of fly ash(FA)/ MSWI was low. Adding these four types of cement additives in CSA cement system respectively, there were negative effects on compressive strengths of hardened cement at early age while LI/SL improved the compressive strength at later age. The performance of combined additives was better, especially, the specimens with 10%LI+10%SL, 10%LI+10%MSWI, and 5%LI+15%SL.     

Expression Comparisons of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) Genes in Wheat in Response to Infection/Infestation by Fusarium,Yellow dwarf virus (YDV) Aphid-Transmitted and Hessian Fly

Expression profiles of ten pathogenesis-related (PR) genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus (YDV) aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly (Hf) were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9, and PR15 appeared to be induced or suppressed independently in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. The PR gene(s) essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheat-Fusarium, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. However, strong up- or down-regulation of PR12 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein (LTP), respectively, had been detected after either pathogen infection or insect infestation, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. In addition, a synergistic action between different PR genes might exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profiling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study.     

太湖地区桔小实蝇的生活习性

[目的]为开展桔小实蝇检疫防控技术研究提供技术基础。[方法]利用养虫室、养虫笼等设施,采用人工饲养和果实培养等方法建立和维持桔小实蝇种群并进行持续的室内生物学观察;在太湖东山地区建立隔离网室,配备温湿度记录装置,栽种各类寄主植物,每天观察桔小实蝇的生活习性。[结果]通过实验室饲养观察,掌握了桔小实蝇成虫、幼虫、蛹和卵的生活习性;通过土壤深度对蛹羽化率影响的试验可知将土层深度加大到40cm仍有成虫出现,且羽化率为80%;通过室内趋向性试验,发现桔小实蝇对苏州地产水果的选择性从高到低排序为柑橘、枣、石榴、桃、橙、梨、柿子。而野外调查表明,果树品种根据桔小实蝇为害率从高到低排序为柑橘、枣、石榴、梨、柿子。在本地柑橘品种中,其为害率从高到低排序为洞庭蜜橘、早橘、温柑、黄皮、早红、料红。[结论]建立了桔小实蝇人工饲养设施,为开展桔小实蝇生物学特性观察和生物学试验奠定了基础。     

粉煤灰负载型催化剂的制备及其在生物柴油合成中的应用

【目的】制备NaOH/NaNO3/粉煤灰,并以其为非均相催化剂进行生物柴油酯交换反应,同时对影响固体碱催化剂催化活性的因素进行分析。【方法】采用4因素4水平正交试验,探讨NaOH含量、NaNO3含量、催化剂煅烧温度及时间对固体碱催化剂活性的影响,以获得固体碱催化剂的最佳制备条件;并用扫描电镜、红外光谱分析及X射线衍射对催化剂结构进行表征。【结果】固体碱催化剂的最佳制备条件为:NaOH含量200mg/g,NaNO3含量200mg/g,催化剂煅烧温度270℃,煅烧时间4h;催化剂可回收循环使用;结构表征结果显示,该催化剂具有碱性活性中心。【结论】将通过此条件制得的催化剂用于酯交换反应,在最佳反应条件下,棉籽油的转化率可达98.75%。     

高效减水剂和粉煤灰对混凝土性能的影响

通过对加入高效减水剂和粉煤灰的混凝土和易性和强度的试验研究,结果表明高效减水剂和粉煤灰都能提高混凝土的和易性;当粉煤灰掺量为25％、高效减水剂为1.0％时混凝土强度最大.     

海南兴隆地区黑水虻的人工繁育技术研究初报

2009年12月至2011年5月,在海南省兴隆热带植物园进行黑水虻的人工饲养技术试验,探索热带季风气候条件下,黑水虻的人工繁育系统建立方法及饲养技术要点。结果显示,虫卵孵化需要2～6 d,幼虫经20～23 d进入预蛹期,8～11 d后开始羽化,成虫置于蚊帐中每天都可交配产卵。产卵量的多少随气候条件的变化有较大差异,冬季低温和连续阴天是导致卵量变少的重要原因。     

茶园无公害防治对黑刺粉虱的控制作用

采用振枝法和杀虫灯检测法对湖南省长沙市高桥茶场无公害茶园和常规茶园进行节肢动物群落多样性调查,并比较无公害多种措施相结合对茶园重要害虫黑刺粉虱的控制作用。结果表明,采用行间覆草、悬挂杀虫灯和施用植物源农药集成的茶园无公害防治技术,与常规防治相比,较好地保护了茶园的天敌,提高了茶园节肢动物群落多样性,抑制了黑刺粉虱的暴发为害。表明茶园采用无公害防治技术,能使茶园节肢动物群落多样性逐渐上升,维护生态平衡,避免黑刺粉虱等少数害虫在没有农药压制的情况下暴发为害,能保证茶叶的食用安全和品质。     

Efficacy of Ceranock Attract and Kill System as a Control Method of Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata in Apricot Orchards in Central Iraq

A field experiment was conducted using Ceranock bait station, ＂attract and kill＂ system to combat Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, in apricot orchards, Central of lraq during the 2013 field season. Control program was implemented in three orchards of mixed apricot varieties. Ceranock traps were hung in each tree of two separate orchards. Delta and McPhail traps were used to monitor Medfly population density in each treated and control orchards. Results indicated that Medfly activity in apricot orchards started during the last week of April coincided with the beginning of maturity for fruits of early varieties. The total of trapped insects in monitoring traps after one week of Ceranock application were 0, 1 and 31 adults for the 1st, 2nd and the control orchards, respectively. Three weeks later and on, the number of trapped adults started to increase dramatically. At the end of apricot season and after 45 days of Ceranock trap application, the number of trapped insects in monitoring traps reached 110, 111 and 2,349 adults/week, respectively, for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd orchard. The use of Ceranock traps reduced Medfly population density by 86%-97%. The percentage of fruit injuries in early maturing varieties were 0.75%, 1% and 34% for the 1st, 2nd and control orchards, respectively. While, late varieties were 2% and 3% for 1st and 2nd orchards, and 69% for the control. The percentage of reduction in fruit damages reached to 95% and 97%, respectively in the 1st and 2nd orchard. The results of this study demonstrate clearly the efficacy of Ceranock bait station, ＂attract and kill＂ system as a control measure for Medfly in apricot orchards.     

粉煤灰和Ca(OH)2处理高氟废水试验

【目的】研究粉煤灰和Ca(OH)2处理高氟废水的最佳反应条件,为高氟工业废水的处理提供理论依据。【方法】以配制的氟离子质量浓度为10 000mg/L的NaF溶液为研究对象,研究投加量、pH、反应温度、平衡时间对粉煤灰和Ca(OH)2处理高氟废水效果的影响,并对获得的最佳反应条件进行验证。【结果】粉煤灰处理高氟废水的最佳条件为:pH=2,粉煤灰投加量为300g/L,温度40℃,振荡30min,此条件下氟离子去除率可达99.6%;Ca(OH)2处理高氟废水的最佳条件为:pH=1~2,Ca(OH)2投加量为30g/L,温度20℃,振荡15min,此条件下Ca(OH)2对氟离子的去除率可达99.96%。在粉煤灰最佳条件下处理强酸性高氟工业废水(pH<2,氟离子质量浓度为6 109mg/L),氟离子去除率仅为54.5%;在Ca(OH)2最佳条件下处理相同的强酸性工业废水,氟离子去除率为99.97%,达到国家一级排放标准。【结论】获得了粉煤灰和Ca(OH)2处理高氟废水的最佳条件,以Ca(OH)2的处理效果明显优于粉煤灰。