A three‐dimensional cell culture system as an in vitro canine mammary carcinoma model for the expression of connective tissue modulators

In this study, derived complex carcinoma (CC) and simple carcinoma (SC) cell lines were established and cultured under two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) conditions. The 3D was performed in six‐well AlgiMatrix? (LifeTechnologies®, Carlsbad, CA, USA) scaffolds, resulting in spheroids sized 50–125 µm for CC and 175–200 µm for SC. Cell viability was demonstrated up to 14 days for both models. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was expressed in CC and SC in both systems. However, higher mRNA and protein levels were observed in SC 2D and 3D systems when compared with CC (P < 0.005). The connective tissue modulators, metalloproteinases‐1, ‐2, ‐9 and ‐13 (MMPs), relaxin receptors 1 and 2 (RXR1 and RXR2) and E‐cadherin (CDH1) were quantitated. All were upregulated similarly when canine mammary tumour (CMT)‐derived cell lines were cultured under 3D AlgiMatrix, except CDH1 that was downregulated (P < 0.005). These results are promising towards the used of 3D system to increase a high throughput in vitro canine tumour model.     

蛋鸡磷缺乏症治疗措施的研究

试验一,选择75羽1日龄健康的罗曼商品蛋鸡,随机分成2个组,第一组20羽,第二组55羽,每个组设2个重复,分别饲喂含有0.4%和0.11%有效磷的日粮.试验至30d,低磷组受试鸡胸骨弯曲发生率达52%,增重显著降低(P＜0.05),确认为雏鸡患有磷缺乏症.试验二,选48羽患磷缺乏症的商品蛋鸡,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂含0.11%有效磷、0.4%有效磷、0.4%有效磷+500IU/kg维生素D3、0.6%有效磷的日粮.试验20d,结果显示:第一组增重、耗料量显著低于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05);第一组胸骨弯曲、胸部囊肿发生率显著高于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05);第一组血浆、全血、胫骨钙、磷显著低于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05).3个治疗组之间没有明显的差别,表明当雏鸡患有磷缺乏症时,日粮中添加有效磷至0.4%,即可获得良好的疗效.     

基于表面等离子共振技术鉴定鸡补体受体2与其配体chC3 d的亲和力

鸡补体受体2(Chicken complement receptor 2, chCR2)是一种表达于鸡B淋巴细胞表面的跨膜蛋白,chCR2可以与其生理学配体鸡补体组分3 d(Chicken complement component 3 d, chC3 d)相互作用。目前评估受体与配体亲和力的方法主要有表面等离子共振技术(Surface plasmon resonance, SPR)和生物膜干涉技术(Biolayer interferometry, BLI)等。旨在利用表面等离子共振技术鉴定chCR2受体分子与其配体chC3 d分子的亲和力。成功构建了重组真核表达载体pTT5-chCR2和pTT5-chC3 d;利用HEK 293F表达系统表达了His-chCR2和His-chC3 d蛋白;利用NI柱纯化系统纯化了His-chCR2和His-chC3 d蛋白;利用表面等离子共振技术,通过分析chCR2与chC3 d结合的动力学参数得出两者之间的平衡解离常数KD为1.37μmol/L。结果表明chCR2与其配体chC3 d之间的亲和力较高。     

PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2犬流感病毒复制能力和致病性的影响

H3N2犬流感病毒(canine influenza virus, CIV)已在中国多地的犬群中流行,是禽流感跨宿主感染并形成新分支的近期案例。研究表明,PA-X基因与甲型流感病毒适应新宿主的能力相关,且其长度能够影响甲型流感病毒的复制及致病能力。为了解PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2 CIV复制能力及致病力的影响,本研究利用H3N2 CIV的8质粒操作系统,拯救了三株重组H3N2 CIV毒株：PA-X基因表达大小为232个氨基酸多肽的亲本病毒CIV＿PA-X＿232;对PA编码区第191、192位氨基酸的密码子进行改造,PA-X基因不表达蛋白的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿Knock;对PA+1编码区第232位氨基酸进行突变,PA-X基因表达大小为252个氨基酸多肽的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿252。通过比较3株重组病毒的聚合酶活性,在MDCK细胞中的复制效率及对小鼠致病性的差异,来评价表达不同长度的PA-X基因对H3N2 CIV的影响。结果显示,CIV＿PA-X＿252和CIV＿PA-X＿Knock的聚合酶活性显著(P<0.05)高于CIV＿PA-X＿232,且CIV＿PA-X＿...     

河南省部分地区猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3和N基因的克隆及其遗传进化分析

为探究河南省猪流行性腹泻病毒部分毒株的遗传进化情况,采用RT-PCR对2017年2月至2018年1月在河南省部分地区猪场收集到的25份PEDV阳性病料进行ORF3和N基因的扩增,并对其进行克隆、序列比对及遗传进化分析。结果显示,PEDV毒株的ORF3基因序列是由675个核苷酸组成的,与经典毒株CV777之间核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为95.2%~97.5%和95.1%~96.9%。N基因之间的核苷酸与氨基酸同源性分别为96.2%~100%和93.8%~99.8%;与经典毒株CV777核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为94.7%~95.8%和93.2%~96.8%。河南部分地区PEDV流行毒株与经典毒株CV777不在同一分支,说明猪场暴发猪流行性腹泻与免疫接种疫苗后依旧难以控制的原因,可能与大多数PEDV河南流行株发生变异有关。     

Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho-functional approach

Amblypygi are tropical and subtropical ambush predators that use elongated, raptorial pedipalps for different activities. Although pedipalp use in predation and courtship has been explored in videography in vivo analyses, kinematic ex vivo examination of these appendages has not been conducted. Here, we rectify this lack of data by using micro-CT scans to 3D-kinematically model the appendage morphology and the range of motion (ROM) of the joints for Damon medius and Heterophrynus elaphus. We illustrate the successful application of this technique to terrestrial euarthropods in determining the maximum ROM values for each pedipalp joint. We also note that, in life, these values would be lower due to motion restricting structures like tendons, arthrodial membranes, and muscles. We further compare our maximum values obtained here with data from video-based motion analyses. The ROM of each joint shows the greatest flexibility in the femur-tibia joint (140–150°), the lowest in the basitarsus-claw joint (35–40°). ROM in the tibia-basitarsus joint is markedly distinct (D. medius: 44°; H. elaphus: 105°). This disparity reflects how H. elaphus uses the joint in the capture basket, while D. medius uses the femur-tibia joint to form the capture basket. We further illustrate notable vertical motion of the H. elaphus pedipalp compared to D. medius. This difference reflects the retro-ventral trochanter apophysis of H. elaphus. Our study opens the possibility to further whip spider kinematic understanding. Examination of other taxa using this approach will result in a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological significance and ethological implications of this unique arachnid group.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HuN4株GP3单克隆抗体的制备及其抗原表位的鉴定

为制备抗高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV) GP3株的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究将HP-PRRSV HuN4株免疫BALB/c小鼠,以该病毒感染的细胞及真核表达的GP3蛋白为检测抗原,经间接免疫荧光(IFA)筛选获得了一株稳定分泌MAb的细胞株,命名为4G5.抗体亚类鉴定重链类型为IgG1,轻链类型为K.该MAb细胞培养上清及腹水IFA效价分别为1∶256和1∶1 280.IFA结果显示,MAb 4G5能够识别CH-1R、JXA1-R、HP-PRRSV HuN4株及其疫苗株HuN4-F112,而不识别RespPRRS MLV病毒株.Western blot结果显示,4G5与HP-PRRSV HuN4株及原核表达的GP3蛋白均可以反应,表明其针对的抗原表位为线性表位,中和试验结果显示该MAb无中和活性.通过截短表达GP3蛋白鉴定该MAb抗原表位识别序列为74WCRIGHDRCS83.本研究获得的MAb为进一步研究HP-PRRSV GP3蛋白的结构及功能奠定了基础.     

In vitro effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha on canine neutrophil apoptosis

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes: PMNs) are essential for the host defense against various infections and are often injurious to the host, causing inflammatory diseases where tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is suggested to play an important role. Since an effect of TNF-alpha on canine PMN apoptosis has not been studied, canine PMNs were stimulated with recombinant human (rh)TNF-alpha in the present study to investigate the effect of TNF-alpha on canine PMN apoptosis. PMN apoptosis and function to produce ROS were assessed by flow cytometry. Delayed apoptosis was observed in the PMNs treated with rhTNF-alpha at 100 ng/ml, accompanied by retention of capability to produce ROS. However, PMN apoptosis was accelerated by rhTNF-alpha combined with cycloheximide. Therefore, it is indicated that TNF-alpha is able to activate anti- and pro-apoptotic pathways in PMNs and that the inhibition of PMN apoptosis by TNF-alpha requires protein synthesis in the PMNs.     

Exogenous testosterone modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha and acute phase protein responses to repeated endotoxin challenge in steers

Clinical responses to some disease agents differ between sexes and this dimorphism has been attributed to the immunomodulating effects of steroid hormones. Our objective was to determine in steers the effect of testosterone on circulating concentrations of immune response mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha; serum amyloid-A, SAA; haptoglobin, HG; xanthine oxidase, XO; nitric oxide, NO) after two consecutive endotoxin challenges (LPS1 and LPS2, 5 days apart; 0.25 microg/kg BW). Sixteen crossbred steers (328+/-6 kg) were assigned to control (CON, n=8) or testosterone cypionate treatment (TES, n=8; 100 mg/m2 body surface; i.m. injection 12 and 2 days before LPS1). The response to LPS was calculated as area under the timexconcentration curve (AUC) for the parameter measured. After LPS1, TNF-alpha AUC was greater in TES than CON (P<0.05). Plasma HG and SAA concentrations increased (P<0.01) after LPS1 and LPS2. In all steers SAA AUC was greater after LPS1 than LPS2 (P<0.01) but the response was augmented over CON with testosterone treatment (P<0.05). HG response to LPS1 within 24 h was not affected by testosterone. However, 5 days after LPS1 mean plasma HG concentration remained higher in TES than CON (P<0.01). HG response to LPS2 was greater in TES than CON (P<0.01). Plasma nitrate+nitrite concentration (NO production marker) and XO activity increased after each LPS challenge but responses were not affected by testosterone treatment. Results indicate that the presence of circulating testosterone increases the magnitude of the TNF-alpha response to LPS challenge as well as the subsequent increases in acute phase proteins (APP). Effects of testosterone on increases in TNF-alpha and APP may underlie a differential presentation of disease symptoms between sexes or between steers and bulls. The data also suggest a role for testosterone in the development of tolerance to repeated immune challenge through its effect on the increased magnitude and duration of HG response.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3和M基因的克隆与序列分析

为了解福建省猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)毒株ORF3和M基因变异情况,本研究从4个不同规模猪场发生仔猪“顽固性腹泻”疾病的病料中扩增到4株PEDV的ORF3和M基因,并进行了序列分析.结果表明:4株PEDV ORF3基因均含有675个碱基,编码224个氨基酸,与GenBank中登录的代表性PEDV核苷酸的同源性为89.7％～100.0％,氨基酸的同源性为94.7％～99.6％,其中FJPT毒株核苷酸的同源性与CV777 truncated毒株最低,仅为89.7％,FJNP毒株核苷酸的同源性与中国北方流行的CH ZKFG 11毒株最高,达100.0％.M基因含有681个碱基,编码226个氨基酸,与GenBank中登录的代表性PEDV核苷酸的同源性为94.8％～100.0％,氨基酸的同源性为94.8％～99.6％,其中FJPT毒株核苷酸的同源性与日本D89752毒株最低,仅为94.8％,FJNP毒株核苷酸的同源性与韩国CPF193、泰国毒株最高,达100.0％.4株PEDV毒株均与国内外流行强毒株的亲缘关系较近,与attenuate DR13弱毒株的亲缘关系较远.