A controller area network based electric vehicle drive system design

To solve the key problems of the electric drive system, a controller area network(CAN) based electric drive system for electric vehicles was designed. The system was composed of two parts: a CAN communication module and a motor control module. The newest transceiver (TJA1040) and a stand alone CAN controller were used during the design of the CAN communication module, and anti jamming measures were employed to guarantee communication stability. The fuzzy vector control method and direct speed control were applied to realize highly robust control functions. This system has high compatibility. It can be installed in electric vehicles as an independent module and be extended through CAN Bus.      

森林养生旅游产品体系开发及构建研究

通过文献查阅整理和多年旅游策划的实践,发现森林环境养生优势明显,同时对养生旅游市场进行了分析,发现生态养生旅游具有3个特点,即普适性、高复游率和综合消费较大。文章对中国传统养生文化的内涵进行了挖掘,并将其与可持续发展、市场导向、体验化、个性化相结合,构建了新的森林养生旅游产品体系,共分3类：一为生产性旅游产品,如林下养殖基地、林下种植基地等;二为生活性旅游产品,如养生餐厅、树屋等;三是游憩性旅游产品,如大氧吧广场、野营地等。研究旨在为当前森林旅游及林下经济的发展提供参考,也为森林养生旅游项目的系统策划提供理论基础。     

现代生物技术发展概况以及质谱鉴定技术的应用

21世纪生物技术突飞猛进,人类基因组计划的实施使生物信息学应运而生,目前其研究方向主要体现在基因组学和蛋白质组学2方面。蛋白质鉴定是蛋白质组学研究中的一项最基础性工作,鉴于此,分析阐述质谱鉴定的假设、试验过程以及质谱鉴定的计算机分析模型。     

基于决策树方法的大豆进口依存度预警研究

预警是排警的基础,传统的预警是建立在预测的基础上,针对大豆预警提出了一种新的方法-决策树预警。从中国大豆生产的实际出发,运用预警的相关理论,首先针对近18 年的中国大豆市场,建立了预警指标体系;然后利用决策树的方法从各警兆指标对警情指标的影响中提取了若干规则集,建立了中国大豆进口依存度预警体系,结果表明：2002年至今,中国大豆进口依存度一直处于重警的状态。     

方斑东风螺地膜覆沙池和潮线下养殖系统细菌种群结构的PCR-DGGE 分析

为了解方斑东风螺养殖系统中细菌种群结构,研究和优化方斑东风螺地膜覆沙池养殖体系的管理模式。试验采用PCR-DGGE技术,对方斑东风螺地膜覆沙池养殖系统和潮线下养殖系统底质样品和水体样品中的细菌种群结构进行了分析。试验结果显示,以广东省湛江市东海岛海水为基础构建的方斑东风螺养殖系统内主要细菌种群包括变形菌门、绿弯菌门、蓝细菌门和放线菌门。其中地膜覆沙池养殖系统主要细菌种群包括γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、变形菌纲、厌氧绳菌纲、蓝细菌和放线菌等;潮线下养殖系统主要细菌种群包括γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、厌氧绳菌纲、蓝细菌,而变形菌纲和放线菌的分布较少。被检测的两个养殖系统中细菌种群均具有较高的多样性,UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,被检测的两个养殖系统底质样品S1和S2为一簇,种群结构相似度为54.5%;两个养殖系统的水体样品S3和S4为一簇,种群结构相似度为84.0%;试验结果说明,通过池塘水体更新和微生物种群监测等调控手段有效控制养殖系统微生物种群结构,能够使方斑东风螺地膜覆沙池养殖系统的微生物生态水平接近潮线下养殖系统。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法在橄榄油掺假鉴别中的应用

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对橄榄油、葵花籽油、花生油、玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油7种食用植物油的红外光谱信息进行分析。结果表明,橄榄油的红外吸收光谱在吸收峰的位置及吸光度上均与其他种类的植物油有区别,以3005~3009 cm^-1、1117~1121 cm^-1处的吸收峰作为种类区分。模拟掺假过程,向橄榄油中掺入其他6种不同比例的低价值植物油后,发现1097、3005 cm^-1处吸收峰的峰面积与掺假百分比呈线性关系。此外,对7种食用植物油180℃加热2 h后的红外光谱图进行分析,发现968、1097 cm^-1处的吸收峰变化趋势有差异,橄榄油呈上升趋势而其他种类的植物油则呈现下降趋势。掺假橄榄油加热后谱图分析发现3005 cm^-1处的峰面积有所降低,但与掺假百分比仍呈线性关系,掺入5%低价油,3400~3650 cm^-1区域呈明显增加趋势,据此可以鉴别掺假量低至5%的橄榄油,这为橄榄油的掺假鉴别提供了一种快速高效的方法。     

一种利用流式细胞术鉴定梨倍性的方法

流式细胞术鉴定植物染色体倍性的方法广泛应用于果树多倍体育种中,然而相关流式细胞术鉴定梨染色体倍性的方法还没有系统的研究。以梨树叶片为试材系统优化了各个流式细胞术关键实验节点,结果表明：实验材料选取当年春季新梢第3~5 片梨树嫩叶,尤其是大棚新梢嫩叶最好;叶片前处理时用蒸馏水、去离子水依次洗净叶片表面后,再用去离子水浸泡10 min;使用WPB解离液对梨叶片细胞核进行提取后,用500 目滤膜过滤2 次,离心1 次后用流式细胞仪进行检测可得到理想的实验结果。该方法步骤简单、结果可靠,是一种快速、高效的梨染色体倍性鉴定的方法,可广泛用于梨树多倍体鉴定。     

利用SSR快速鉴定甜菜品种纯度和真实性的研究

为了建立一套快速鉴定甜菜品种纯度和真实性的实验体系,对DNA的提取、检测、PCR反应体系、程序、电泳以及显影方法等多个方面进行了优化, 最终确立了一套简单、快速、节约、污染小的甜菜品种纯度和真实性的鉴定体系。该方法使用96孔PCR板,利用碱裂解法提取干种子（或者叶片干粉）DNA;使用无毒的Gelred替代致癌性的EB,利用λ DNA检测提取样品DNA的浓度; PCR反应的体系为5μL,使用多重PCR替代单一PCR;PCR反应程序为94℃变性15s,退火15s,72℃延伸30秒,30个循环,最后72℃延伸5min; PCR产物的分离使用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,最后使用快速银染法对电泳后的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行显影。利用优化后的程序,一个成熟的实验室操作人员只需一天就可以完成192份样品的检测。     

舞毒蛾ISSR反应体系的优化与建立

舞毒蛾是一种食性广、危害大的林业害虫,遗传多样性的研究有利于揭示不同地理种群的遗传变异情况。以河北舞毒蛾为实验材料,对ISSR反应体系中的5个因子（Taq DNA聚合酶、模板DNA、引物、MgCl2和dNTPs）的8个浓度梯度依次进行试验,每一因子的最佳浓度都用于下一组优化试验,最终确定最佳反应体系优化筛选,结果表明,20μL ISSR反应体系各组分的最适浓度分别为0.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶,1.5 ng/μL模板DNA,2.4μmol/L引物,1.75 mmol/L MgCl2,0.28 mmol/L dNTPs。这一优化的舞毒蛾ISSR-PCR反应体系为进一步利用ISSR分子标记技术对舞毒蛾的遗传多样性分析奠定了良好的试验基础。     

Diversity of methodologies to experiment Integrated Pest Management in arable cropping systems: Analysis and reflections based on a European network

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) aims to promote physical and biological regulation strategies that help farmers contain populations of pests (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) and to finally reduce the reliance on pesticides. It is based on the holistic combination of multiple management measures rather than on the sum of single methods, each of them having only small effects on pests reduction. Thus, to analyse the interactions between IPM measures and to evaluate the sustainability of their implementation, we require an approach considering the whole cropping system (CS), i.e. a functional entity whose complexity is more than the sum of its parts. A network of European experiments at the CS level was set up recently, and aimed at sharing data and expertise to enhance knowledge of IPM. Comparison of existing methodologies highlighted a diversity of CS designs and experimental layouts. We deduced that the concept of CS itself was viewed differently among scientists, and this affected experimental protocols. Other differences were related to the research context and objectives. Some experiments aimed to explore very innovative strategies and generated knowledge on both their effects on the agroecosystem and their ability to satisfy a set of performance targets, while others aimed to provide quickly adoptable solutions for local farmers in line with the current socio-economic constraints. In some research programmes, the experiment was part of the CS design process — and tested CS were regularly revised based on an continuous improvement loop — while in other cases CS were kept stable across years so as to enable the evaluation of their long-term cumulative effects. A critical aspect contributing to the diversity among CS experiments was the distinction between a factorial design of experimental CS and systemic approaches: factorial experiments allowed quantification of the effects of each IPM component regardless of the consistency between components defining the CS. In contrast, systemic approaches focused on the overall evaluation of CS designed with consideration of their consistency, hence maximising their ability to meet the objectives. Because CS experiments represent a huge investment in terms of economics and time, preliminary reflections of the relevance of the experimental strategy is of critical importance.