Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.     

创伤弧菌FJ03-X2胞外产物对欧洲鳗鲡的致病性和免疫原性分析

以70%饱和硫酸铵盐析法制备鳗源创伤弧菌生物1型高致病菌株FJ03-X2的胞外产物(ECPs),攻毒试验表明,该ECPs对鳗鲡无致病力;SDS-PAGE分析表明,该ECPs由约36 ku为主的系列蛋白条带组成。制备ECPs的免疫刺激复合物(ISCOMs),以20μg/尾的剂量腹腔注射免疫规格为15~20 g/尾的欧洲鳗鲡,ELISA分析表明,21 d和28 d时的血清抗体效价约为1∶1 280,免疫印记显示,ECPs中分子量为36 ku以上的蛋白成份可被免疫欧洲鳗鲡血清所识别,是构成ECPs的主要免疫原;免疫保护试验表明,免疫欧洲鳗鲡显示出较高的免疫保护力。试验结果也显示出,单纯以ECPs等剂量腹腔注射免疫欧洲鳗鲡,不能激发欧洲鳗鲡产生较高滴度的血清抗体,免疫欧洲鳗鲡也未能产生有效的保护性免疫应答。     

Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Evaluation of Analogs of Bromosphaerol,a Brominated Diterpene Isolated from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Marine biofouling is an epibiotic biological process that affects almost any kind of submerged surface, causing globally significant economic problems mainly for the shipping industry and aquaculture companies, and its prevention so far has been associated with adverse environmental effects for non-target organisms. Previously, we have identified bromosphaerol (1), a brominated diterpene isolated from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, as a promising agent with significant antifouling activity, exerting strong anti-settlement activity against larvae of Amphibalanus (Balanus) amphitrite and very low toxicity. The significant antifouling activity and low toxicity of bromosphaerol (1) motivated us to explore its chemistry, aiming to optimize its antifouling potential through the preparation of a number of analogs. Following different synthetic routes, we successfully synthesized 15 structural analogs (2–16) of bromosphaerol (1), decorated with different functional groups. The anti-settlement activity (EC₅₀) and the degree of toxicity (LC₅₀) of the bromosphaerol derivatives were evaluated using cyprids and nauplii of the cirriped crustacean A. amphitrite as a model organism. Derivatives 2, 4, and 6–16 showed diverse levels of antifouling activity. Among them, compounds 9 and 13 can be considered as well-performing antifoulants, exerting their activity through a non-toxic mechanism.     

一株高病毒载量 PCV2 毒株的基因组特征及序列分析

【目的】了解广东省某猪群中猪圆环病毒 2 型（Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）流行毒株的遗传进化情况,丰富 PCV2 分子流行病学数据,为当地 PCV2 疫苗候选株的选用和研发提供参考。【方法】使用 qPCR 方法对疑似 PCV2 的样品进行检测,发现 1 株具有高病毒载量的 PCV2 毒株,命名为 GD222858。通过 PCR 方法进行全基因组分子克隆及遗传进化分析。使用 MegAlign 软件将该毒株 ORF1、ORF2 基因编码的氨基酸序列与 PCV2 同亚型参考毒株进行比对,分析氨基酸序列的相似性;采用 DNAStar 预测该毒株的 Cap 蛋白二级结构及 B 细胞表位,并与 4 株疫苗株 DBN-SX07-2（HM641752）、LG（HM038034）、SH（HM038027）、ZJ（AY686764）的 Cap 蛋白抗原指数进行比对分析。【结果】GD222858 毒株基因组长度为 1 767 bp。遗传进化分析表明该毒株属于 PCV2d 亚型。与国内外 82 株参考毒株的核苷酸相似性为 91.4%~99.6%,与越南毒株 Han8（GenBank 登录号：JQ181600）的亲缘关系最近。在 ORF1 编码的 Rep 蛋白处发现多个特异性突变位点 F70Y、F77L、W202R、N256S;ORF2 编码的Cap 蛋白相对保守。Protean 预测 Cap 蛋白的氨基酸第 5~18、24~25、39~41、48~49、57~65、99、101、112~114、139~140、145~150、162~165、175~181、188~189、205~211、227~232 位 置 处 均 可 能 存 在 潜 在 的 B 细 胞 表 位。GD222858 毒株的 Cap 蛋白抗原指数与 4 株疫苗株均有差异,在氨基酸 45~57、124~132、223~233 位置处抗原指数明显高于 4 株疫苗株,且与疫苗株 HM038034 差异最大。【结论】GD222858 毒株感染猪群的原因可能是 Rep 蛋白多个位点发生特异性突变及疫苗株选用不当所致。     

我国典型茶区化学氮肥施用与生产运输过程的温室气体排放量估算

基于相关统计数据和文献调研方法,估算了我国14个典型茶区中化学氮肥施用、生产及运输过程中的温室气体排放量。结果表明,化学氮肥施用导致的土壤N₂O直接排放和生产过程中的温室气体排放是茶园化学氮肥消费带来的温室气体主要排放源;14个典型茶区消费的化学氮肥产生的温室气体排放量(以CO₂排放当量计算)为16.81~344.80万t·a^-1,其中贵州、云南、湖北和四川4省的茶园消费的化学氮肥带来的温室气体排放量较高,均超过200万t·a^-1,占全部区域温室气体排放量的59.98%;单位面积温室气体排放量为3.22~9.76 t·hm^-2·a^-1,单位产量温室气体排放量为2.10~12.96 t·t^-1·a^-1、单位产值温室气体排放量0.39~1.90 t·万元^-1·a^-1;总体而言,贵州、云南、湖北、湖南和四川5省的茶园消费的化学氮肥带来的温室气体排放量、单位面积温室气体排放量、单位产量温室气体排放量和单位产值温室气体排放量较高,福建、河南省及重庆市3个茶区相对较低。在茶园化学氮肥施用量控制为300 kg·hm^-2和450 kg·hm^-2两种情景下,茶园生态系统温室气体减排总量为617.07万t·a^-1和228.94万t·a^-1,减排潜力为34.12%和12.66%,减排潜力较大的区域主要有湖北、四川、贵州、湖南和江西等5省。     

Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.     

基于农户视角的城郊区葡萄种植效益分析

基于陕西省西安市鄠邑区葡萄种植户的调查数据,在构建农户层面效益评价指标体系的基础上,评价了农户种植葡萄的效益状况。结果表明:第一,农户葡萄种植效益整体位于中等偏下的水平;第二,高效益农户与低效益农户在经济效益、生态效益以及就业机会上存在显著差异,而在对子女和老人的照顾上差异不大;第三,经验丰富、种植规模较大的纯农业型农户的效益较高。节水灌溉技术有助于提高农户的经济效益,而购买化肥的渠道、接受技术培训和有购买过假化肥经历对农户种植经济林的生态效益有影响。     

抗体检测技术在基层畜牧业生产中的指导作用

本文主要根据作者自身工作经验,从抗体检测技术原理,基层常用的抗原抗体反应实验,以及抗体检测技术在指导畜牧业生产中的重要作用等方面进行阐述,说明了抗体检测技术在制定免疫程序、疾病诊断、疫苗评估及免疫效果评价等领域发挥着积极的作用。     

HAV表位抗原与HBV核心抗原融合基因的原核表达

为探讨甲肝DNA疫苗的可行性,利用DNA重组技术将甲肝病毒（HAV）复合多表位抗原基因VPx插入到乙肝病毒核心抗原（HBcAg）基因中,得到CVPx融合基因。将CVPx克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）中,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,表达的蛋白进行Western Blot及ELISA检测,结果表明：融合蛋白具有甲肝病毒表位抗原的反应原性。     

渭北旱塬两种类型农林复合经营生态系统环境效应评价

为研究农林复合经营生态系统的营造及其人为管理对当地环境产生的影响,在实地监测和调查分析的基础上,运用多级模糊综合评判-灰色关联优势分析复合模型,对渭北旱塬2种主要类型农林复合经营生态系统(以苹果-农作物间作为主的T1型和以花椒-农作物间作为主的T2型)的环境效应进行了评价与对比研究。结果表明,土壤、径流水体、农副产品环境污染状况,T1、T2均为Ⅰ级;当前社会经济效益T1(Ⅱ级)高于T2(Ⅲ级);生态环境效应T2(Ⅱ级)优于T1(Ⅲ级);综合环境效应T1、T2均为Ⅰ级。在此基础上运用灰色关联优势分析进一步区分T1、T2综合环境效应的优劣,T1、T2与理想状况参考数列的关联度分别为0.6670、0.6674,T2的综合环境效应优于T1。从综合环境效应和生态可持续发展来看,以花椒-农作物间作为主的T2型优于以苹果-农作物间作为主的T1型。