Effects of three esca-associated fungi on Vitis vinifera L.: III. Enzymes produced by the pathogens and their role in fungus-to-plant or in fungus-to-fungus interactions

When the esca-associated fungi Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), Togninia minima (Tmi) and Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fme) were grown in liquid stationary cultures, it was seen that they were able to live in media containing resveratrol (RES) or tannic acid (TA) as the sole carbon source and that the fungi were able to convert both compounds. Particular attention is paid here to detecting RES and TA conversion. Pch, Tmi and Fme were partially inhibited by RES or TA. Pch, Tmi and Fme produced extracellular tannase, laccase and peroxidase enzymes in liquid or agarized cultures, whether glucose was present or not. When colonies of Pch, Tmi and Fme were confronted, they showed spatially and temporally heterogeneous patterns of laccase and peroxidase activity. The results indicate the non-synergistic, competitive association of Pch and Tmi and the inhibition of Fme growth. Muconic acid, a well-known intermediate in a large number of lignin and phenol oxidative processes, can partly or completely inhibit the lignolytic agent Fme, but is tolerated by Pch and Tmi. An explanation for wood pigmentation patterns by Pch, Tmi and Fme is given.     

肉鸡腹水症与自由基

从病因学,阐述了自由基与腹水症的关系,许多报道证明患腹水症的鸡其血清和组织内自由基、丙二醛明显升高,而超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶等抗氧化物明显降低。若用一些自由基清除剂来增强机体抗氧化系统的防御功能,则可大大地降低肉鸡肺腹水症的发生。     

Canine renal failure syndrome in three dogs

Three dead dogs were brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University for study. Clinically, all the dogs showed emaciation, anorexia, depression, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhea for 7~10 days before death. All the clinical signs were first noted for about one month after feeding the dogs with commercial diets. At necropsy, all 3 dogs had severe renal damage with the same green-yellowish colored nephroliths in the renal pelvis. They also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification of several organs, which might have been induced by uremia. Microscopically, necrosis, calcification and calculi were detected in the renal tubules, and especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. These findings were supportive of a mycotoxic effect, and especially on their kidneys. However, the precise cause of the toxic effect in these cases of canine renal failure could not be determined.     

猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒基因芯片检测技术的建立与优化

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的核衣壳蛋白编码基因序列设计了一对特异性引物P1／P2。扩增出大小为294bp的目的片段；再针对这个基因片段。设计合成4条寡核苷酸探针。其中反向引物的5’端用荧光素Cy3标记。以荧光标记不对称PCR技术为基础。通过将单链PCR产物与芯片杂交实现对PRRSV的检测。建立PRRSV的基因芯片检测方法。利用该方法对39份猪组织样品进行检测。与RT—PCR检测方法相比。本方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性。试验结果表明用该方法快速检测病料组织中PRRSV是可行的，对该病的进行快速诊断和分子流行病学调查具有重要意义。     

实验性脾虚证大鼠肝脏和肌肉组织中糖原变化的组织学观察

将45只大白鼠随机分成对照组、脾虚模型组及治疗组,每组15只。以利血平(1mg/kg·d)复制大白鼠脾虚证模型,四君子汤辅助治疗,在实验进行至第7天和第14天分别捕杀各组大白鼠,取肝脏、肌肉组织,用组织化学方法测定在不同组间和不同实验阶段其中糖原的变化。结果,在第7天时,脾虚组和治疗组糖原含量明显低于正常对照组,第14天时,与正常对照组相比较,脾虚组和治疗组糖原含量显著升高,且脾虚组糖原含量较其它两组高,提示肝脏和肌肉组织中糖原的变化可能是脾虚证发生发展的重要指标。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离鉴定及其分子流行病学分析

为了弄清2006年在我国南方一些猪场暴发的一种以高热、高发病率和高死亡率为特征的传染病的病因,我们从12个省市48个发病猪场采集临床样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的分离鉴定和分子流行病学分析。结果显示从48个猪场样品中均检测出了PRRSV,通过完整的ORF5和部分Nsp2基因序列比较分析发现来自12个省市不同猪场的PRRSV高度同源,而且在Nsp2基因上都有两个相同位点的缺失;从分离的15株PRRSV中选择湖南分离株HuN4人工感染5头60日龄的健康猪,结果5头猪分别在7 d～21 d内全部死亡,感染猪的临床症状和现地所见十分相似。本次试验结果表明新出现的以Nsp2基因部分缺失为特征的PRRSV对猪是高致病性的,可能是2006年大部分猪场暴发"高热综合症"的主要病因。     

Protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on alveolar type II cells

AIM: To study the protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on alveolar type II cells (AT-Ⅱ) damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODS: AT-Ⅱ were placed in a 6 well cell culture cluster (0.5×106 cells/cm2) and divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS. (2) LPS group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L). (3) ANP group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L) and ANP (10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L). After 4, 12 and 24 h, the cell culture mediums of control group, LPS group and ANP (10-7 mol/L) group were collected, and those of the ANP (10-6, 10-8 mol/L) group were collected after 12 h. Alkaline phosphatase(AKP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), total phospholipids (TPL) and surface tension (ST) in the medium of every group were examined. RESULTS: AT-Ⅱ were characterized by AKP staining. The contents of LDH, AKP and MDA in the medium of every ANP group were lower than those in the corresponding LPS group. The TPL content in the medium of every ANP group was higher than that in the corresponding LPS group, and the change of ST of the medium was opposite to that of TPL. The effect at 12 h was the most significant, for example, at 12 h, the activities of AKP in the mediums were: control (43.5±10.4) U/L, LPS (98.1±16.4) U/L, LPS+ANP (10-6) (46.4±10.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-7) (60.7±9.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-8) (91.3±13.9) U/L.CONCLUSION: ANP protects the AT-Ⅱ from being damaged by LPS and promotes the secretion of pulmonary surfactants.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染对猪肺泡巨噬细胞外源性抗原加工递呈相关分子和共刺激分子的影响

采用定量竞争PCR技术对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）感染后不同时相猪肺泡巨噬细胞（PAM）中外源性抗原加工递呈相关分子SLA-DR、Ii链和SLA-DM分子及共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86的mRNA转录动态进行了定量检测。结果表明,PRRSV感染后PAM的SLA-DR mRNA转录水平在3、7和14 d下调,低于对照组;感染后3 d,Ii链、SLA-DM和CD40的mRNA转录水平极显著下调（P〈0.01）;CD80和CD86mRNA转录水平也在感染后3 d明显下调（P〈0.05）。用流式细胞术检测PAM表面的SLA-DR抗原的结果表明,在感染后3 d短暂上升,7 d之后一直低于对照组。由此说明,PRRSV感染早期对猪肺泡巨噬细胞的外源性抗原加工和递呈功能产生显著影响,导致其外源性抗原递呈功能下降,进而影响机体的体液免疫应答。     

仔猪暴发猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征

调查了１９９５年广东省３个猪场暴发的疫病,根据流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、人工感染试验,结合间接免疫荧光试验及电镜观察等实验室诊断,确诊为猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征。     

肉鸡腹水综合症的预防与治疗

肉鸡腹水综合症从临床症状、剖检变化、发病原因等方面进行了分析,提出了预防措施和具体的治疗方案,以供相关人员参考。