益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响

为研究益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素随机设计试验,选择体重相近、健康的育肥肉牛40头随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头,试验1组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别用10%、15%、20%益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲粮中的玉米,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高16.9、14.1%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组的平均采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的料重比较1组比分别降低14.9%、12.4%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率均高于1组(P 0.05);试验3、4组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率较1组比分别提高12.7%、11.0%、18.9%、16.4%(P<0.05)。综上,益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲料中15%玉米,可以提高肉牛的生长性能和养分表观消化率。     

凉茶渣的黑曲霉发酵工艺和抗氧化活性研究

为促进凉茶渣在畜牧业中的资源化利用,本研究以黑曲霉为菌种固态发酵凉茶渣,首先在单因素试验条件下考察了时间、温度、含水量、浸泡液pH、氮源和碳源对凉茶渣降解率和产物pH的影响;再根据单因素试验结果和规模化生产实际需要,以4%硫酸铵为氮源,2%葡萄糖为碳源,以降解率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化发酵工艺;并通过检测超氧自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率,评价凉茶渣在最优工艺条件下发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。结果发现,含水量为60%,浸泡液pH为9.0,31℃发酵168 h是凉茶渣的最佳发酵工艺参数。最佳工艺条件下凉茶渣的降解率为25.23%,发酵产物pH为4.53。当凉茶渣发酵前水提液浓度为24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为43.56%,羟基自由基清除率为47.06%,DPPH自由基清除率为90.71%;当最优条件下发酵产物水提液浓度24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为30.77%,羟基自由基清除率为95.63%,DPPH自由基清除率为87.36%。本试验结果表明,黑曲霉是适宜的凉茶渣发酵菌种,且凉茶渣经过黑曲霉发酵后具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

甘薯黑斑病及其防治研究

本文对甘薯黑斑病病原菌的生物学特性进行了探索,描述了病原菌的生长状况和形态,弄清了生长发育与温度关系,数据经最小二乘法求出发育最低起点温度为9.12℃,最高终止温度为36.28℃,通过矩阵求解推测发育最适温为23.97℃,对储藏防治策略也提出了一些看法。     

红碎茶CTC齿辊数控加工及误差统计研究

介绍了自行研制的红碎茶CTC齿辊微机数控加工车床的总体方案，进给系统结构设计以及微机数控硬件系统主要构成、软件功能和加工子程序。利用数理统计学方法，对齿辊3mm节距误差进行了分析研究，结果表明采用微机数控加工齿辊，节距精度得到明显提高。该机同时也保留了普通车床基本功能。     

崂山绿茶矿质元素溶出特性的研究

对青岛崂山绿茶中9种矿质元素的溶出特性进行研究,考查了冲泡水温、浸泡时间和冲泡方式等因素对浸出量的影响。结果表明:不同元素的浸出量受冲泡水温、浸泡时间的影响不尽相同,但大部分元素在80℃～90℃水温下溶出量可达最大,而冲泡时间以30min为佳。煮茶时茶汁中元素含量相对较高,泡茶时第二泡浸出量仍可达第一泡的50%以上,证实了崂山绿茶具有营养丰富、耐冲泡等优点。     

基于GIS的浙江省茶树栽培气候区划

根据茶树生长发育与气候条件的关系,确定了茶树栽培的气候生态区划指标。借助浙江省1∶25万地形数据,应用GIS技术,按种植茶树的气候适宜性把浙江省茶树栽培区划分为最适宜栽培区、适宜栽培区、次适宜栽培区和不适宜区。     

中国茶叶在摩洛哥市场的价格及需求弹性分析

摩洛哥是中国茶叶的第一大进口国,本文分析了中国茶叶出口摩洛哥市场的价格状况,在此基础上对需求弹性进行了测算,结果表明,中国茶叶垄断了摩洛哥市场,主导着摩洛哥茶叶市场价格。     

茶多酚感官性质及其对茶叶涩味的影响

茶叶中含有的大量茶多酚对茶叶涩味有重要作用。涩味是茶叶滋味中极重要的感官性质,对茶叶总体质量至关重要。本文就茶叶中茶多酚的感官性质、茶汤涩味分析及茶多酚对茶叶涩味的影响等方面进行综述。