Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

Transgenic sorghum with suppressed synthesis of kafirin subclasses: Effects on flour and dough rheological characteristics

Arising from work showing that conventionally bred high protein digestibility sorghum types have improved flour and dough functionality, the flour and dough properties of transgenic biofortified sorghum lines with increased protein digestibility and high lysine content (TG-HD) resulting from suppressed synthesis of several kafirin subclasses, especially the cysteine-rich γ-kafirin, were studied. TG-HD sorghums had higher flour water solubility at 30 °C (p < 0.05) and much higher paste viscosity (41% higher) than their null controls (NC). TG-HD doughs were twice as strong as their NC and dynamic rheological analysis indicated that the TG doughs were somewhat more elastic up to 90 °C. CLSM of doughs and pastes indicated that TG-HD had a less compact endosperm protein matrix surround the starch compared to their NC. The improved flour and dough functional properties of the TG-HD sorghums seem to be caused by reduced endosperm compactness resulting from suppression of synthesis of several kafirin subclasses which modifies protein body and protein matrix structure, and to improved protein-starch interaction through hydrogen bonding specifically caused by reduction in the level of the hydrophobic γ-kafirin. The improved flour functionality of these transgenic biofortified sorghums can increase their commercial utility by complementing their improved nutritional quality.     

甘薯贮藏冷害研究现状

甘薯富含丰富的糖、蛋白质、维生素和多种活性成分,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,深受人们的喜爱。甘薯贮藏过程中极易发生冷害而腐烂,导致其品质下降,影响贮藏和流通。本文介绍了甘薯在贮藏期间冷害发生的表现、冷害对甘薯生理代谢、糖代谢、能量代谢和酚类代谢的影响以及不同处理(冷锻炼处理、乙烯处理和紫外辐照处理)对甘薯冷害的影响,以期为甘薯贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。     

“高粱+再生高粱”高产高效栽培技术研究

为提高高粱在"种植一季有余、两季不足"的温光资源条件下的种植效益,以‘泸糯12号’为研究材料,通过优化播期、促芽肥等关键技术研制"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术,再与传统技术进行对比试验。结果表明,"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术要点是2月底至3月5日前播种,种植密度101055株/hm~2,头季高粱收获前10天及时施纯氮150 kg/hm~2,留桩高度控制在近地面第1节位,每窝保留再生苗2~3苗。应用"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术后两季高粱产量和效益,较传统高粱种植技术分别增长120.3%、84.3%,增产增效效果显著。因此,"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术适宜区域大面积推广。     

甜高粱生物燃料相关特性研究进展

旨在为中国甜高粱生物燃料的快速生产、深入研究与发展提供借鉴与参考。笔者总结了近几年甜高粱生物燃料相关特性的研究状况;综述了根、叶、茎、株高、分蘖、花,QTL等的分子研究水平,收获后贮藏及生物转化效率的研究进展等;最后提出几点研究建议:针对不同生境确定适宜的、特异的选育目标,培养极具优势的品系或材料;注重主要性状间QTL尤其是胁迫下的关联性、相关性、协同性的研究;加强产业循环链中关键和薄弱环节的研发,使其可用价值和效益达最大化。     

生物有机液体混合肥对甜高粱根系形态特征的影响

为揭示生物液体有机混合肥对陕北农牧交错区青贮饲草作物根系形态特征的影响,通过盆栽控制试验,以甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)为材料,设置不同浓度的生物活性水(BMW)(B1、B2、B3和B4)和Aidoora溶液(A1、A2和A3)处理,并测定甜高粱幼苗期的根系形态特征。结果表明:在大多数单一液体肥和混合液体肥下,甜高粱的根系生物量(RB)、根冠比(RSR)、根系体积(RV)、总根长(TRL)、根系表面积(RSA)、平均根直径(RAD)、比根长(SRL)和比根面积(SRA)均显著高于CK,表明BMW和Aidoora溶液有利于促进甜高粱苗期根系生物量积累和根系吸收能力;甜高粱的RB、TRL和RSA两两间均呈明显的正相关关系,表明根系表面积和总根长均随着根系生物量的升高而增加。综上分析表明,B3A2和B3A3相对于其他BMW和Aidoora混合液体肥,有利于促进甜高粱幼苗根系生物量积累和根系形态建成。     

施氮量对酿造高粱产量和氮素利用率的影响

为了实现酿造高粱氮肥合理高效利用,以晋杂22号为试验品种,研究了6种氮肥施用量(0,75,150,225,300,450 kg/hm~2)对酿造高粱产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,在施氮0~450 kg/hm~2,施用氮肥有效地增加了高粱产量和净利润,但随着施氮量的增加产量先升高后降低,其关系可表示为y=-0.037x~2+17.759x+5 874.41(R2=0.878 1)。随着施氮量的增加高粱氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率显著降低;氮素吸收效率逐渐降低;氮素利用效率大体呈下降趋势;当施氮量为225 kg/hm~2时,高粱产量、净利润最大,极显著高于不施氮处理,增产率达37.64%;氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别为9.96,36.42 kg/kg,氮肥利用率可达到38.70%,且氮平衡为3.07,大体上满足氮素平衡。综合分析各项指标,施氮量为225 kg/hm~2是酿造高粱晋杂22号实现高产、高效益、较高氮肥利用率的适宜氮量。     

鸡粪及其配施尿素对甜瓜香味物质、酶活性及基因表达的影响

为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实香气物质合成及关键酶的影响,以薄皮甜瓜"DX108"为试材,以尿素为氮源的处理作为对照(CK),研究等量氮素条件下,鸡粪及其与尿素配施处理对甜瓜果实香气物质以及相关酶活性变化的影响,并分析了乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和醇酰基转移酶(AAT)基因的表达水平。结果表明:不同处理对薄皮甜瓜香气物质合成、相关酶活性以及关键酶基因表达的影响存在明显差异;尿素处理促进了甜瓜果实中C6和C9醇醛类化合物的合成,而鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施提高了成熟果实中酯类物质含量和种类,尤其是乙酸酯类含量;鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量,且是尿素处理花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量的3.1倍,还检测到了尿素处理果实中没有检测到的特征性酯类物质;鸡粪和鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后25～30 d果实中LOX酶、氨基转移酶、ADH酶以及AAT酶活性,降低了花后35 d果实中ADH酶活性,抑制了30 d后果实中CmADH1和ADH2的基因表达,而促进了CmAAT1和CmAAT3基因表达。由此可知,鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施有可能是通过调节果实不同发育期香味物质合成途径中关键酶活性的协调变化以及关键酶基因表达,影响了果实香气物质的合成,尤其是酯类物质的合成。     

甜高粱特性及河北省研究利用现状

描述了甜高粱的生物学特性,对河北省甜高粱的育种和产业化状况进行了分析,并针对存在的问题,提出了合理化建议.这对于河北省发展甜高粱产业有一定的现实意义.     

黑龙江省能源作物——甜高粱的研究与发展

甜高粱作为高能作物生产燃料乙醇具有高效益、低成本的优势,可有效缓解能源危机,具有良好的社会、经济和生态效益.分析了甜高粱作为能源作物的研究和发展趋势.