“高粱+再生高粱”高产高效栽培技术研究

为提高高粱在"种植一季有余、两季不足"的温光资源条件下的种植效益,以‘泸糯12号’为研究材料,通过优化播期、促芽肥等关键技术研制"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术,再与传统技术进行对比试验。结果表明,"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术要点是2月底至3月5日前播种,种植密度101055株/hm~2,头季高粱收获前10天及时施纯氮150 kg/hm~2,留桩高度控制在近地面第1节位,每窝保留再生苗2~3苗。应用"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术后两季高粱产量和效益,较传统高粱种植技术分别增长120.3%、84.3%,增产增效效果显著。因此,"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术适宜区域大面积推广。     

甜高粱生物燃料相关特性研究进展

旨在为中国甜高粱生物燃料的快速生产、深入研究与发展提供借鉴与参考。笔者总结了近几年甜高粱生物燃料相关特性的研究状况;综述了根、叶、茎、株高、分蘖、花,QTL等的分子研究水平,收获后贮藏及生物转化效率的研究进展等;最后提出几点研究建议:针对不同生境确定适宜的、特异的选育目标,培养极具优势的品系或材料;注重主要性状间QTL尤其是胁迫下的关联性、相关性、协同性的研究;加强产业循环链中关键和薄弱环节的研发,使其可用价值和效益达最大化。     

A3 CMS在甜高粱育种中的可行性研究

以5个高粱不育系、6个甜高梁杂交种和甜格雷兹为材料,通过对茎秆含糖量和鲜重的测定分析,研究利用A3CMS选育不育化甜高粱杂交种的可行性。结果表明：同核异质不育系在茎秆含糖量方面差异不显著,同核异质杂交种在茎秆产量上差异不显著,但茎秆含糖量差异显著,A3杂交种的含糖量明显优于A1杂交种。认为,利用A3CMS选育不育化甜高粱杂交种是可行的。     

粒用高粱耐盐种质资源的鉴选与综合评价

旨在为高粱耐盐种质资源的开发利用及耐盐新种质的创新提供一定的理论依据。选用20 份高粱种质作为试验材料,采用150 mmol/L NaCl 溶液进行处理,置于人工气候培养室,测定发芽率、发芽势等相关指标;将20 份材料置于25℃恒温培养箱中进行催芽,用150 mmol/L NaCl 溶液浇灌,以等量的浇水为对照,调查并比较幼苗成活率、生长速率及枯萎指数。采用隶属函数进行相关性分析,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,在150 mmol/L盐胁迫下,‘3438’、‘航天育种SP42’、‘09305R’、‘3560R’品种的发芽率高于对照,其他指标均小于对照。20 份材料中,在芽期鉴选出耐盐材料4 份,苗期筛选出3 份;相关性大小顺序为相对芽长＞相对根长＞相对植株鲜重＞发芽势;20 份材料分成高度耐盐型、耐盐型、中等耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型品种5 类。确定150 mmol/L NaCl选定为高粱品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定的标准盐浓度,确定发芽率、发芽势、根长、叶长、植株鲜重可用于高粱耐盐性的鉴定指标。     

Characterization of waxy grain sorghum lines in relation to granule-bound starch synthase

The waxy phenotype, associated with endosperm containing little or no amylose, has been recognized in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) since 1933. Although variants of the waxy gene are well characterized in other cereals, the waxy trait has been assumed to be controlled by a single allele, wx, in sorghum. Recent improvements in technologies encourage re-examination of the waxy sorghums. The objectives of this research were therefore to identify and characterize sorghum lines with differing waxy alleles and to describe the actions of those alleles in crosses. Grain of eight waxy sorghum lines (BTxARG1, BTx630, Tx2907, B.9307, 94C274, 94C278, 94C289, 94C369), three wild-type checks (BWheatland, RTx430, BN122), and F₂ families from crosses among a subset of these lines were evaluated for presence or absence of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), the gene product of the wx locus, and wild-type vs. waxy endosperm. The F₂ segregation ratios were tested for fit to a 3:1 ratio using Chi-square analyses. Two distinctly different naturally occurring waxy alleles were identified: One with no GBSS (GBSS−), and one with apparently inactive GBSS present (GBSS+). We propose that the waxy allele with no GBSS be designated wx^a, and that waxy allele with apparently inactive GBSS present be designated wx^b. These two alleles are located in close proximity on the waxy locus. The wx^b allele is dominant to the wx^a allele in terms of GBSS production, and both are recessive to the wild-type Wx in terms of amylose content. The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

Relative susceptibility of different male-sterile cytoplasms in sorghum to shoot fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis>

Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest. Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A₁ cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A₄M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The A₄G₁ and A₄M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A₄M, A₃, and A₂ cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal weights lower in A₄M and A₄VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the B-lines. The A₄M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids for sustainable crop production in future.     

几种方法评价养殖污水灌溉辣椒的品质

利用辣椒的Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和硝酸盐含量测定数据,分别通过平均营养值估算法、营养评分分类估算法、营养综合评价指数法、隶属函数法、品质综合评价指数法进行营养卫生品质评价结果求算,并进行比较。平均隶属函数法和品质综合评价指数法具有开放性,结果一致性较好,数值差异明显,可比性较好。平均营养值估算法和营养评分分类估算法具有封闭性,可进行营养品质直接估算和控制。营养综合评价法具有开放性,可比性良好。评价结果显示辣椒营养卫生品质在不同时期随不同处理的变化趋势基本一致。     

吕梁山区杂粮高粱高产栽培技术

文章介绍了高粱的高产栽培技术,包括选地、整地、种子选择与处理、播种、科学施肥、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时收获等内容,以期为高粱栽培提供参考。     

4QL―1型甘薯起垄收获多功能机的设计与试验

设计了一款可实现甘薯施肥、起垄、镇压和收获作业的起垄收获多功能机,并阐述了整机和关键部件结构设计、工作原理及技术参数。在粘重土壤区试验考核表明,该机性能稳定,作业顺畅,起垄主要指标为:土垄垄形一致性为97%,土壤容重变化率为27%,邻接垄垄距合格率为90%;收获主要指标为:明薯率为97%,漏挖率为0.3%,伤薯率为1%,破皮率为1.5%。